Wee Y Benjamin, Berkowitz Oliver, Whelan James, Jost Ricarda
ARC Research Hub for Medicinal Agriculture, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora VIC 3086, Australia.
La Trobe Institute for Sustainable Agriculture & Food, La Trobe University, Bundoora VIC 3086, Australia.
J Exp Bot. 2025 Jan 1;76(1):94-108. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erae362.
Cannabis sativa L., one of the oldest cultivated crops, has a complex domestication history due to its diverse uses for fibre, seed, oil, and drugs, and its wide geographic distribution. This review explores how human selection has shaped the biology of hemp and drug-type Cannabis, focusing on acquisition and utilization of nitrogen and phosphorus, and how resulting changes in source-sink relations shape their contrasting phenology. Hemp has been optimized for rapid, slender growth and nutrient efficiency, whereas drug-type cultivars have been selected for compact growth with large phytocannabinoid-producing female inflorescences. Understanding these nutrient use and ontogenetic differences will enhance our general understanding of resource allocation in plants. Knowledge gained in comparison with other model species, such as tomato, rice, or Arabidopsis can help inform crop improvement and sustainability in the cannabis industry.
大麻（Cannabis sativa L.）是最古老的栽培作物之一，由于其在纤维、种子、油和药物方面的多种用途以及广泛的地理分布，有着复杂的驯化历史。本综述探讨了人类选择如何塑造了工业大麻和药用型大麻的生物学特性，重点关注氮和磷的获取与利用，以及由此导致的源库关系变化如何塑造它们截然不同的物候特征。工业大麻已针对快速、细长生长和养分效率进行了优化，而药用型品种则被选择用于紧凑生长并带有大量产生植物大麻素的雌性花序。了解这些养分利用和个体发育差异将增进我们对植物资源分配的总体理解。与其他模式物种（如番茄、水稻或拟南芥）相比所获得的知识，有助于为大麻产业的作物改良和可持续发展提供信息。
