Department of Environmental, Occupational, and Geospatial Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health & Health Policy, The City University of New York, New York, United States of America.
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health & Health Policy, The City University of New York, New York, United States of America; Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcala, Alcala de Henares, Spain.
Prev Med. 2024 Nov;188:108118. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108118. Epub 2024 Aug 23.
Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarette) entered the United States marketplace in 2007. Because of the chemical composition of e-cigarette liquid, there are concerns related to its effects on respiratory illnesses.
Using Wave 4 (2016-2018) of the adult (≥18 years of age) Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health study, logistic regression was used to quantify the association between e-cigarette use and any respiratory illness (asthma, chronic bronchitis, COPD, emphysema, or other lung or respiratory conditions). Age, gender, and the use of other tobacco products were assessed as modifiers of this relationship via interactions on the additive and multiplicative scales.
After adjustment, ever e-cigarette use was associated with a 1.32 (95 % confidence intervals [CI]:1.03, 1.69) greater odds of any respiratory illness compared with never e-cigarette users among U.S. adults. When comparing ever and never e-cigarette users, older adults (Odds Ratio [OR] = 1.65, 95 %CI:1.20, 2.26), and ever users of other tobacco products (OR = 1.77, 95 %CI:1.37, 2.29) had greater odds of reporting any respiratory illness than younger adults and those who never used other tobacco products. Among never e-cigarette users, men (OR = 1.51, 95 %CI:1.12, 2.04) were less likely to report any respiratory illness than women. Only the joint effect of age and e-cigarette use on any respiratory illness was statistically significant, suggesting this effect was greater than expected on the additive and multiplicative scales.
These findings suggest that the relationship between e-cigarette use and any respiratory illness varies with age. Interventions and policies to reduce e-cigarette use should target high-risk groups for any respiratory illness.
电子烟于 2007 年进入美国市场。由于电子烟液体的化学成分，人们对其对呼吸道疾病的影响表示担忧。
利用成人（≥18 岁）烟草与健康调查的第四波（2016-2018 年）数据，使用逻辑回归来量化电子烟使用与任何呼吸道疾病（哮喘、慢性支气管炎、COPD、肺气肿或其他肺部或呼吸道疾病）之间的关联。通过在加性和乘法尺度上的相互作用，评估年龄、性别和其他烟草制品的使用情况对这种关系的修饰作用。
调整后，与从不使用电子烟的美国成年人相比，曾经使用电子烟与任何呼吸道疾病的几率增加 1.32 倍（95%置信区间 [CI]：1.03，1.69）。在比较曾经和从不使用电子烟的使用者时，年龄较大的成年人（优势比 [OR] = 1.65，95%CI：1.20，2.26）和曾经使用其他烟草制品的成年人（OR = 1.77，95%CI：1.37，2.29）比年龄较小的成年人和从不使用其他烟草制品的成年人更有可能报告任何呼吸道疾病。在从不使用电子烟的成年人中，男性（OR = 1.51，95%CI：1.12，2.04）比女性更不可能报告任何呼吸道疾病。只有年龄和电子烟使用对任何呼吸道疾病的联合作用具有统计学意义，表明这种影响在加性和乘法尺度上大于预期。
这些发现表明，电子烟使用与任何呼吸道疾病之间的关系因年龄而异。减少电子烟使用的干预措施和政策应针对任何呼吸道疾病的高危人群。
