Clow D J
Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1985 Mar 2;290(6469):691-2. doi: 10.1136/bmj.290.6469.691.
Tonga, like many developing countries, suffers from a shortage of medical staff and a high morbidity and mortality from paediatric diarrhoeal disease. In 1980 a programme was started to train medical assistants and village administrators in the correct use of oral rehydration salt solution for rehydration. The effect on morbidity, mortality, and admission to hospital over the six years 1978-83 was assessed. After the introduction of the scheme the number of deaths due to diarrhoea fell considerably and the state of hydration in children admitted to hospital with diarrhoea greatly improved. It is recommended that similar programmes be adopted where clinical problems of diarrhoea with dehydration persist. Instruction in the use of oral rehydration fluid was most effectively given by non-medical staff to groups of mothers, rather than by paediatricians in their inevitably brief, although important, explanation given in hospital.
同许多发展中国家一样，汤加面临着医护人员短缺的问题，并且小儿腹泻病的发病率和死亡率很高。1980年启动了一个项目，培训医疗助理和乡村管理人员正确使用口服补液盐溶液进行补液。评估了该项目在1978 - 1983年这六年中对发病率、死亡率和住院情况的影响。该方案实施后，腹泻致死人数大幅下降，因腹泻住院儿童的脱水状况也有了很大改善。建议在腹泻伴脱水的临床问题仍然存在的地方采用类似项目。由非医务人员向母亲群体传授口服补液液的使用方法最为有效，而不是由儿科医生在医院进行虽重要但必然简短的解释。
