Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Severo Ochoa, Leganés, Spain.
Department of Medicine, University of Seville, Seville, Spain, Department of Dermatology, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Seville, Spain.
Eur J Dermatol. 2024 Aug 1;34(4):392-397. doi: 10.1684/ejd.2024.4732.
Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most -common skin cancer in Spain, yet national data on its incidence trends are limited. To analyse the trends in NMSC incidence in Spain from 1990 to 2019, examining variations by sex, age, period, and birth cohort. Data on NMSC incidence was sourced from the Global Health Data Exchange. Age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) were calculated using the direct method. Trends and average annual percentage changes were identified using Joinpoint regression analysis. Age-period-cohort analysis was applied to assess age-specific, period-specific, and cohort-specific relative risks. From 1990 to 2019, Spain reported 2,302,399 NMSC cases. ASIRs significantly declined post-2005, with men exhibiting slightly higher rates than women. Joinpoint analysis revealed distinct trends between genders, with men experiencing an initial rise followed by a decline, while women exhibited periods of increase interspersed with decline. APC analysis showed a net decrease in age-adjusted NMSC rates for both sexes. Local drift analysis showed a downward trend in most age groups, indicating a broad decrease at the population level. However, no decrease was observed in young men (20-24 years). Both sexes showed an increased risk of NMSC between 1990 and 2002, followed by a decrease. In particular, those born at the beginning of the 21st century showed a significant decrease in NMSC risk compared with earlier cohorts, suggesting a possible cohort effect. A comprehensive analysis of NMSC trends in Spain highlights the need for ongoing research and interventions to address the evolving burden.
非黑色素瘤皮肤癌（NMSC）是西班牙最常见的皮肤癌，但有关其发病率趋势的全国数据有限。本研究旨在分析 1990 年至 2019 年期间西班牙 NMSC 发病率的变化趋势，探讨其性别、年龄、时期和出生队列的差异。NMSC 发病率数据来自全球卫生数据交换库。采用直接法计算年龄标准化发病率（ASIR）。采用 Joinpoint 回归分析确定趋势和平均年变化百分比。应用年龄-时期-队列分析评估特定年龄、特定时期和特定队列的相对风险。1990 年至 2019 年期间，西班牙报告了 2302399 例 NMSC 病例。2005 年后 ASIR 显著下降，男性的发病率略高于女性。Joinpoint 分析显示两性之间存在明显的趋势差异，男性最初呈上升趋势，随后下降，而女性则呈现出上升期与下降期交替的情况。APC 分析显示男女 NMSC 率的调整后均呈净下降趋势。局部漂移分析显示大多数年龄组呈下降趋势，表明人群水平广泛下降。然而，年轻男性（20-24 岁）没有观察到下降。两性在 1990 年至 2002 年期间均表现出 NMSC 风险增加，随后风险下降。特别是 21 世纪初出生的人群 NMSC 风险显著下降，提示可能存在队列效应。对西班牙 NMSC 趋势的综合分析强调了需要持续开展研究和干预措施，以应对不断变化的负担。
