School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea.
Mar Drugs. 2024 Jul 29;22(8):348. doi: 10.3390/md22080348.
The increase in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in microorganisms is a significant global health concern. Various factors contribute to AMR, including alterations in cell membrane permeability, increased efflux pump activity, enzymatic modification or inactivation of antibiotics, target site changes, alternative metabolic pathways, and biofilm formation. Marine environments, with their extensive biodiversity, provide a valuable source of natural products with a wide range of biological activities. Marine-derived antimicrobial compounds show significant potential against drug-resistant bacteria and fungi. This review discusses the current knowledge on marine natural products such as microorganisms, sponges, tunicates and mollusks with antibacterial and antifungal properties effective against drug-resistant microorganisms and their ecological roles. These natural products are classified based on their chemical structures, such as alkaloids, amino acids, peptides, polyketides, naphthoquinones, terpenoids, and polysaccharides. Although still in preclinical studies, these agents demonstrate promising in vivo efficacy, suggesting that marine sources could be pivotal in developing new drugs to combat AMR, thereby fulfilling an essential medical need. This review highlights the ongoing importance of marine biodiversity exploration for discovering potential antimicrobial agents.
微生物中抗菌药物耐药性（AMR）的增加是一个重大的全球健康问题。导致 AMR 的因素有很多，包括细胞膜通透性的改变、外排泵活性的增加、抗生素的酶修饰或失活、靶位改变、替代代谢途径和生物膜形成。海洋环境拥有丰富的生物多样性，为具有广泛生物活性的天然产物提供了宝贵的来源。海洋来源的抗菌化合物对耐药细菌和真菌表现出显著的潜力。本文综述了具有抗菌和抗真菌活性、能有效对抗耐药微生物的海洋天然产物（如微生物、海绵、被囊动物和软体动物）的最新知识，以及它们的生态作用。这些天然产物根据其化学结构进行分类，例如生物碱、氨基酸、肽、聚酮、萘醌、萜类化合物和多糖。尽管这些药物仍处于临床前研究阶段，但它们在体内显示出有希望的疗效，这表明海洋资源可能是开发新药物对抗 AMR 的关键，从而满足了重要的医疗需求。本文强调了海洋生物多样性探索对于发现潜在抗菌剂的持续重要性。
