Sore Katarina, Franic Frane, Androja Luka, Batarelo Kokic Ivana, Marčinko Darko, Drmic Stipe, Markser Zdravko Valentin, Franic Tomislav
School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia.
School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Sports (Basel). 2024 Aug 22;12(8):228. doi: 10.3390/sports12080228.
The aim of this study is to translate, cross-culturally adapt, and validate the Croatian Athlete Psychological Strain Questionnaire (APSQ-Cro) as part of the Sport Mental Health Assessment Tool 1 (SMHAT-1) validation. We assessed the reliability and applicability of the APSQ-Cro among Croatian athletes. The international sports community is increasingly focused on mental health issues in athletes, highlighting the need for early detection tools like the Athlete Psychological Strain Questionnaire (APSQ) and SMHAT-1. We included 869 Croatian competing athletes across 54 sports who received a link to access the WEB-based questionnaire. The Croatian Olympic Board helped in distributing the questionnaires, aiming to reach as many and as diverse a group of registered competing athletes in Croatia as possible. Results showed a Cronbach's alpha of 0.75 for the entire questionnaire, indicating acceptable reliability. An exploratory strategy of factor analysis was used to determine the underlying structure of the APSQ-Cro. For this purpose, the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) test and Bartlett's test for sphericity were performed to ensure the suitability of the data. The KMO test ensured sampling adequacy, with a measure of 0.77 indicating suitability for factor analysis, while Bartlett's test confirmed significant correlations among variables (χ = 2779.155, df = 45, < 0.001), validating the dataset's appropriateness for data reduction techniques. The factor analysis, together with the Cattell scree test and varimax rotation, resulted in a two-factor structure for the APSQ-Cro. Factor 1 included items related to internal psychological struggles, while Factor 2 included items related to external pressures from the athletic environment. These two factors explained 53% of the variability, with Cronbach's alphas of 0.75 and 0.88 for the respective factors. The APSQ-Cro is a valid and reliable tool for assessing distress in Croatian athletes. Croatian athletes' sporting experience will be improved with the broad adoption of the APSQ-Cro, which can help detect early signs of psychological distress and subsequently improve mental health outcomes.
本研究的目的是对克罗地亚运动员心理压力问卷（APSQ-Cro）进行翻译、跨文化调适和验证，作为运动心理健康评估工具1（SMHAT-1）验证工作的一部分。我们评估了APSQ-Cro在克罗地亚运动员中的信度和适用性。国际体育界越来越关注运动员的心理健康问题，这凸显了像运动员心理压力问卷（APSQ）和SMHAT-1这样的早期检测工具的必要性。我们纳入了来自54个体育项目的869名克罗地亚参赛运动员，他们收到了访问基于网络问卷的链接。克罗地亚奥林匹克委员会协助分发问卷，旨在尽可能多地覆盖克罗地亚注册参赛运动员群体，且群体具有多样性。结果显示整个问卷的克朗巴哈系数为0.75，表明信度可接受。采用探索性因子分析策略来确定APSQ-Cro的潜在结构。为此，进行了凯泽-迈耶-奥尔金（KMO）检验和巴特利特球形度检验，以确保数据的适用性。KMO检验确保了抽样充分性，测量值为0.77表明适合进行因子分析，而巴特利特检验证实了变量之间存在显著相关性（χ = 2779.155，df = 45，< 0.001），验证了数据集适用于数据简化技术。因子分析结合卡特尔碎石图检验和方差最大化旋转，得出APSQ-Cro的两因素结构。因素1包括与内部心理挣扎相关的项目，而因素2包括与运动环境外部压力相关的项目。这两个因素解释了53%的变异性，各因素的克朗巴哈系数分别为0.75和0.88。APSQ-Cro是评估克罗地亚运动员心理困扰的有效且可靠的工具。广泛采用APSQ-Cro将改善克罗地亚运动员的运动体验，它有助于检测心理困扰的早期迹象，进而改善心理健康状况。
