Lam. Bark and Leaves: Extraction, Phytochemical Composition, Bioassays and Studies.

In this work, homogenizer-assisted extraction (HAE) and maceration (MAE) were applied on leaves and bark of using water and methanol (MeOH) as solvents. HAE and MAE extracts were compared through liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and evaluating the antioxidant activity, and enzyme inhibition against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butrylcholinesterase (BChE), tyrosinase, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase. Considering the phytochemical contents and the bioassays results, the HAE extracts resulted favorably with larger content of phenolics and higher antioxidant activity. The MeOH extracts displayed the highest α-amylase inhibitory activity, with HAE MeOH leaf extract leading at 0.78 mmol acarbose equivalent (ACAE)/g. In conclusion, the study highlights that HAE can increase the extraction of phenolic and flavonoid from plant materials compared to maceration. Further research could explore the potential therapeutic applications of extracts, especially HAE MeOH leaf extracts, for their notable antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities, facilitating the way for the development of novel pharmaceutical interventions.