Pei Tianhao, Zhao Yijin, Huang Xudong, Zhao Yinyue, Pan Liudan, Wang Lingwei, Gao Hexin, Xu Meng-Lei, Gao Yu
College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
Key Laboratory of Soybean Disease and Pest Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Changchun 130118, China.
Plants (Basel). 2024 Aug 9;13(16):2204. doi: 10.3390/plants13162204.
The Lamiaceae family is widely distributed worldwide. In this study, we investigated the insecticidal activity of five Lamiaceae essential oils against Schrank and the phytotoxic activity against (L.) Merr., L., L., and (Ard.) Fritsch. Then, the chemical composition of the five essential oils was analyzed by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The five Lamiaceae essential oils were melissa, basil, rosemary, negundo chastetree, and salvia. The main constituents of the five Lamiaceae essential oils were preliminarily determined to be as follows: α-pinene and 1,8-cineole in the rosemary essential oil; -pinene, -terpinene, and -limonene in the negundo chastetree essential oil; -cadinene and isolongifolen-5-one in the melissa essential oil; 5-allylguaiacol in the basil essential oil; and isopropyl myristate, linalyl acetate, and linalool in the salvia essential oil. Using a bioassay, it was found that, among the five essential oils, the melissa essential oil exhibited the lowest LC value, which was 0.18 mg/mL, and the salvia essential oil exhibited the highest LC value, which was 0.42 mg/mL. The control efficacy of the five essential oils significantly increased with time and concentration in pot experiments. The negundo chastetree, basil, rosemary, and salvia essential oils at 900.00 g a.i.·hm showed high control efficacy against , with values higher than 90%. Female thrips were attracted to the negundo chastetree essential oil. The five essential oils were also tested for their effects on the germination rate, germination potential, germination index, and shoot length of , , , and . The basil essential oil significantly inhibited the germination of , with germination at a concentration of 1.0 mg/mL being only 11.11 ± 5.09%. This study provides a reference for the development of botanical pesticides to control , crops, and weeds.
唇形科植物在全球广泛分布。在本研究中，我们调查了5种唇形科植物精油对[某种昆虫名称未明确，推测为蓟马]Schrank的杀虫活性以及对[几种植物名称未明确，推测为农作物或杂草]（L.）Merr.、L.、L.和（Ard.）Fritsch的植物毒性活性。然后，采用气相色谱 - 质谱联用（GC - MS）分析了这5种精油的化学成分。这5种唇形科植物精油分别是香蜂草、罗勒、迷迭香、黄荆和丹参。初步确定这5种唇形科植物精油的主要成分如下：迷迭香叶精油中的α - 蒎烯和1,8 - 桉叶素；黄荆叶精油中的β - 蒎烯、γ - 松油烯和γ - 柠檬烯；香蜂草精油中的β - 杜松烯和异长叶烯 - 5 - 酮；罗勒精油中的5 - 烯丙基愈创木酚；丹参精油中的肉豆蔻酸异丙酯、乙酸芳樟酯和芳樟醇。通过生物测定发现，在这5种精油中，香蜂草精油的LC值最低，为0.18 mg/mL，丹参精油的LC值最高，为0.42 mg/mL。在盆栽试验中，这5种精油的防治效果随时间和浓度显著增加。黄荆、罗勒、迷迭香和丹参精油在900.00 g a.i.·hm²剂量下对[蓟马]表现出高防治效果，防治值高于90%。雌蓟马被黄荆精油吸引。还测试了这5种精油对[几种植物名称未明确，推测为农作物或杂草]的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和苗长的影响。罗勒精油显著抑制[某种植物名称未明确，推测为农作物或杂草]的发芽，在浓度为1.0 mg/mL时发芽率仅为11.11±5.09%。本研究为开发用于防治[蓟马]、农作物和杂草的植物源农药提供了参考。
