俄罗斯自然疫源地中肾综合征出血热和蜱传脑炎流行和疫病过程的特异性，为研制预防这些感染的联合疫苗提供了前景。

The Specificity of Epizootic and Epidemiological Processes in Natural Foci of Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome and Tick-Borne Encephalitis in Russia, as the Basis for the Prospects of Creating a Combined Vaccine for the Prevention of These Infections.

机构信息

Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Poliomyelitis, Moscow 108819, Russia.

Federal Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Moscow 117105, Russia.

出版信息

Viruses. 2024 Aug 13;16(8):1292. doi: 10.3390/v16081292.

DOI:10.3390/v16081292

PMID:39205266

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11359185/

Abstract

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) are the most common viral diseases in Russia. HFRS is caused by six different types of hantaviruses: Hantaan, Amur, Seoul, Puumala, Kurkino, and Sochi, which are transmitted to humans through small mammals of the Muridae and Cricetidae families. TBE is caused by viruses belonging to five different phylogenetic subtypes. The similarities in the ecology of HFRS and TBE pathogens is presented here. Hantavirus-infected small mammals can transmit the virus to uninfected animals, and ticks can also transmit hantavirus to other ticks and mammals. Hantavirus transmission from ticks to humans is possible only hypothetically based on indirect data. Over the past 23 years, 164,582 cases of HFRS (4.9 per 10 people) and 71,579 cases of TBE (2.5 per 10 people) were registered in Russia. The mortality rate was 0.4% (668 cases) in HFRS and 1.6% deaths (1136 cases) in TBE. There were 4030 HFRS (2.5%) and 9414 TBE (13%) cases in children under 14 years old. HFRS and TBE cases were registered in 42 out of 85 Russian regions; in 18-only HFRS, in 13-only TBE, and 12 had no reported cases. The prospects of applying a combined vaccine for HFRS and TBE prevention are shown in this paper.

摘要

肾综合征出血热（HFRS）和蜱传脑炎（TBE）是俄罗斯最常见的病毒性疾病。HFRS 是由六种不同类型的汉坦病毒引起的：汉坦、阿穆尔、首尔、普马拉、库尔金诺和索契，这些病毒通过鼠科和仓鼠科的小型哺乳动物传播给人类。TBE 是由属于五个不同系统发育亚型的病毒引起的。本文介绍了 HFRS 和 TBE 病原体的生态相似性。感染汉坦病毒的小型哺乳动物可以将病毒传播给未感染的动物，而蜱也可以将汉坦病毒传播给其他蜱和哺乳动物。从蜱到人类传播汉坦病毒只能基于间接数据进行假设。在过去的 23 年中，俄罗斯共登记了 164582 例 HFRS（每 10 人中有 4.9 例）和 71579 例 TBE（每 10 人中有 2.5 例）。HFRS 的死亡率为 0.4%（668 例），TBE 的死亡率为 1.6%（1136 例）。在 14 岁以下的儿童中，有 4030 例 HFRS（2.5%）和 9414 例 TBE（13%）。HFRS 和 TBE 病例在俄罗斯 85 个地区中的 42 个地区均有登记；在 18 个地区仅有 HFRS，在 13 个地区仅有 TBE，12 个地区没有报告病例。本文还展示了应用 HFRS 和 TBE 联合疫苗的前景。