神圣之旅与朝圣：宗教目的旅行相关的健康风险。

Sacred journeys and pilgrimages: health risks associated with travels for religious purposes.

作者信息

Parker Salim, Steffen Robert, Rashid Harunor, Cabada Miguel M, Memish Ziad A, Gautret Philippe, Sokhna Cheikh, Sharma Avinash, Shlim David R, Leshem Eyal, Dwyer Dominic E, Lami Faris, Chatterjee Santanu, Shafi Shuja, Zumla Alimuddin, Mahomed Ozayr

机构信息

Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, University of Cape Town, Main Road, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa.

Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Public and Global Health, Division of Infectious Diseases, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Travelers' Health, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

出版信息

J Travel Med. 2024 Dec 10;31(8). doi: 10.1093/jtm/taae122.

DOI:10.1093/jtm/taae122

PMID:39216102

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11646089/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Pilgrimages and travel to religious mass gatherings (MGs) are part of all major religions. This narrative review aims to describe some characteristics, including health risks, of the more well-known and frequently undertaken ones.

METHODS

A literature search was conducted using keywords related to the characteristics (frequency of occurrence, duration, calendar period, reasons behind their undertaking and the common health risks) of Christian, Muslim, Hindu, Buddhist and Jewish religious MGs.

RESULTS

About 600 million trips are undertaken to religious sites annually. The characteristics vary between religions and between pilgrimages. However, religious MGs share common health risks, but these are reported in a heterogenous manner. European Christian pilgrimages reported both communicable diseases, such as norovirus outbreaks linked to the Marian Shrine of Lourdes in France, and non-communicable diseases (NCDs). NCDs predominated at the Catholic pilgrimage to the Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe in Mexico, which documented 11 million attendees in 1 week. The Zion Christian Church Easter gathering in South Africa, attended by ~10 million pilgrims, reported mostly motor vehicle accidents. Muslim pilgrimages such as the Arbaeen (20 million pilgrims) and Hajj documented a high incidence of respiratory tract infections, up to 80% during Hajj. Heat injuries and stampedes have been associated with Hajj. The Hindu Kumbh Mela pilgrimage, which attracted 100 million pilgrims in 2013, documented respiratory conditions in 70% of consultations. A deadly stampede occurred at the 2021 Jewish Lag BaOmer MG.

CONCLUSION

Communicable and NCD differ among the different religious MGs. Gaps exists in the surveillance, reporting and data accessibility of health risks associated with religious MGs. A need exists for the uniform implementation of a system of real-time monitoring of diseases and morbidity patterns, utilizing standardized modern information-sharing platforms. The health needs of pilgrims can then be prioritized by developing specific and appropriate guidelines.

摘要

背景

朝圣和参加宗教集会是所有主要宗教的一部分。本叙述性综述旨在描述一些较为知名且经常进行的朝圣和宗教集会的特点，包括健康风险。

方法

使用与基督教、穆斯林、印度教、佛教和犹太教宗教集会的特点（发生频率、持续时间、日历时段、举行原因和常见健康风险）相关的关键词进行文献检索。

结果

每年约有6亿人次前往宗教场所。其特点因宗教和朝圣活动而异。然而，宗教集会存在共同的健康风险，但这些风险的报告方式并不统一。欧洲的基督教朝圣活动既报告了传染病，如与法国卢尔德圣母朝圣地相关的诺如病毒爆发，也报告了非传染性疾病。在墨西哥瓜达卢佩圣母大教堂的天主教朝圣活动中，非传染性疾病占主导地位，该活动在1周内记录了1100万参与者。南非锡安基督教会的复活节集会有大约1000万朝圣者参加，报告最多的是机动车事故。穆斯林朝圣活动如阿尔巴因朝圣（2000万朝圣者）和朝觐记录了呼吸道感染的高发病率，朝觐期间高达80%。热损伤和踩踏事件与朝觐有关。2013年吸引了1亿朝圣者的印度大壶节朝圣活动，在70%的会诊中记录了呼吸道疾病。2021年犹太教拉格巴奥默节集会发生了致命的踩踏事件。