Chi Yong, Wei Fan, Tang Danxu, Mu Changjun, Ma Honggang, Wang Zhe, Al-Rasheid Khaled A S, Hines Hunter N, Chen Xiangrui
School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211 China.
Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, and Key Laboratory of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity (Education Ministry), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China.
Mar Life Sci Technol. 2024 Jun 26;6(3):365-404. doi: 10.1007/s42995-024-00223-3. eCollection 2024 Aug.
Species of the ciliate class Heterotrichea Stein, 1859 are a cosmopolitan group of unicellular eukaryotic microorganisms, many of which have been widely used as models in various fields of research such as regenerative biology, functional ecology, environmental toxicology, and symbiotic behavior. However, species identification in the heterotrich family Condylostomatidae, especially the most species-rich and type genus Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1824, remains challenging due to incomplete original descriptions, few reliable distinguishing characters, and overlapping features between different species. This study presents an updated revision of and its related genus da Silva Neto, 1994 based on descriptions of five species, including nine populations collected from China, using both morphological and molecular methods. The main findings are as follows: (1) 43 nominal species and about 130 populations are reviewed, resulting in the recognition of 30 valid species of and eight valid species of ; (2) keys, synonyms, biogeographic distributions and amended/improved diagnoses of all valid species are provided; (3) based on the available data, four new species ( sp. nov., sp. nov., sp. nov., and sp. nov.), one new combination ( (Dragesco, 1954) comb. nov. & nom. corr.), and two corrected names ( Villeneuve-Brachon, 1940 nom. corr. and (Dragesco, 1960) nom. corr.) are suggested; (4) cryptic species are detected and proposed for the first time to form the species complex; (5) three highly confusing species, , , and , are redefined for the first time based on modern taxonomic methods; (6) a 'flagship' species, , is recorded for the first time from the continent of Asia, substantially expanding its biogeography; (7) ciliature adjacent to the distal end of the paroral membrane within the family Condylostomatidae is uniformly defined as frontal membranelles and is classified into three patterns according to the arrangement of kinetosomes, which serve as important key features.
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42995-024-00223-3.
纤毛门异毛纲（Heterotrichea Stein，1859）的物种是一类世界性的单细胞真核微生物，其中许多已在再生生物学、功能生态学、环境毒理学和共生行为等各个研究领域中被广泛用作模型。然而，由于原始描述不完整、可靠的鉴别特征较少以及不同物种之间特征重叠，异毛科（Condylostomatidae）的物种鉴定，尤其是物种最为丰富的模式属博瑞异毛属（Bory de Saint-Vincent，1824）的物种鉴定仍然具有挑战性。本研究基于对五个物种的描述，包括从中国采集的九个种群，使用形态学和分子方法，对博瑞异毛属及其相关属席尔瓦内托异毛属（da Silva Neto，1994）进行了更新修订。主要研究结果如下：（1）对43个命名物种和约130个种群进行了审查，共确认了30个博瑞异毛属有效物种和8个席尔瓦内托异毛属有效物种；（2）提供了所有有效物种的检索表、同义词、生物地理分布以及修订/改进后的诊断；（3）根据现有数据，建议了4个新的博瑞异毛属物种（新种1、新种2、新种3和新种4）、1个新组合（（德拉热斯科，1954）新组合及名称更正）以及2个更正名称（维勒纽夫 - 布拉雄异毛属，1940名称更正和（德拉热斯科，1960）名称更正）；（4）首次检测并提出了隐存物种，以形成博瑞异毛属物种复合体；（5）首次基于现代分类方法重新定义了3个极易混淆的博瑞异毛属物种，即物种1、物种2和物种3；（6）首次在亚洲大陆记录到一个“旗舰”物种，即物种4，大幅扩展了其生物地理学范围；（7）将异毛科内口侧膜远端相邻的纤毛结构统一定义为额膜，并根据动基体的排列分为三种模式，这是重要的关键特征。
在线版本包含可在10.1007/s42995-024-00223-3获取的补充材料。
