Department of Communicable Diseases Control and Prevention, Fengxian District Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China.
Department of Occupational Health Control and Prevention, Fengxian District Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China.
Sci Rep. 2024 Sep 2;14(1):20398. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-71389-0.
Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a prevalent acute infectious disease caused by enteroviruses, presenting substantial public health challenges in Shanghai, especially among children. The dynamic nature of HFMD's etiology necessitates an ongoing evaluation of its epidemiological and virological trends to inform effective control strategies. This study aims to investigate the epidemiological patterns and viral evolution of HFMD in Fengxian District, Shanghai, China, with a focus on shifts in predominant viral strains over a 14-year period. We conducted a retrospective analysis of HFMD cases reported to the National Notifiable Disease Reporting System in Fengxian District from January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2022. Epidemiological trends, strain prevalence, and demographic impacts were assessed. A total of 27,272 HFMD cases were documented during the study period, with incidence showing pronounced seasonal fluctuations-peaking in spring and summer and a lesser peak in autumn. The disease incidence demonstrated significant positive correlations with several meteorological variables: daily average temperature (r = 0.30, P < 0.05), relative humidity (r = 0.20, P < 0.05), wind speed (r = 0.17, P < 0.05), and precipitation (r = 0.17, P < 0.05). Geographically, Nanqiao Town, Fengcheng Town, and Xidu Subdistrict reported the highest incidence rates. The demographic analysis revealed a male-to-female ratio of 1.60:1, predominantly affecting children aged 1-3 years. Prior to 2017, Enterovirus 71 (EV71) and Coxsackievirus A16 (CoxA16) were the primary detected strains; post-2017, Coxsackievirus A6 (CoxA6) emerged as the dominant strain. Statistical analysis confirmed significant year-to-year variations in virus detection rates, with decreasing trends for EV71 and other enteroviruses and an increasing trend for CoxA6. The findings indicate a distinct seasonal incidence of HFMD in Fengxian District. This study underscores the need for targeted public health education, enhanced surveillance, and proactive measures in childcare facilities to mitigate disease spread during peak seasons. Moreover, the evolving viral landscape warrants accelerated efforts in vaccine development against new strains to reduce HFMD incidence.
手足口病（HFMD）是一种由肠道病毒引起的常见急性传染病，在上海具有较大的公共卫生挑战，尤其是在儿童中。HFMD 的病因具有动态性，因此需要不断评估其流行病学和病毒学趋势，以为制定有效的控制策略提供信息。本研究旨在调查中国上海市奉贤区 HFMD 的流行病学模式和病毒演变，重点关注 14 年来主要病毒株的变化。我们对 2009 年 1 月 1 日至 2022 年 12 月 31 日期间向奉贤区国家法定传染病报告系统报告的 HFMD 病例进行了回顾性分析。评估了流行病学趋势、菌株流行情况和人口统计学影响。在研究期间共记录了 27272 例 HFMD 病例，发病率呈明显的季节性波动，春夏季高峰，秋季次高峰。该疾病的发病率与多个气象变量呈显著正相关：日平均气温（r=0.30，P<0.05）、相对湿度（r=0.20，P<0.05）、风速（r=0.17，P<0.05）和降水（r=0.17，P<0.05）。从地理上看，南桥镇、奉城镇和西渡街道报告的发病率最高。人口统计学分析显示，男女比例为 1.60:1，主要影响 1-3 岁儿童。在 2017 年之前，肠道病毒 71 型（EV71）和柯萨奇病毒 A16 型（CoxA16）是主要检测到的菌株；2017 年之后，柯萨奇病毒 A6 型（CoxA6）成为主要菌株。统计分析证实，病毒检出率呈逐年显著变化，EV71 和其他肠道病毒的检出率呈下降趋势，而 CoxA6 的检出率呈上升趋势。研究结果表明，奉贤区 HFMD 有明显的季节性发病。本研究强调了有针对性地开展公共卫生教育、加强监测以及在儿童保育机构采取积极措施的必要性，以减轻季节性高峰期间疾病的传播。此外，病毒不断变化的格局要求加快针对新菌株的疫苗开发，以降低 HFMD 的发病率。
