Zhou Huixian, Yao Yuan, Long Qianjin, Deng Chunyan
Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Jiulongpo District, Chongqing, China.
Front Public Health. 2025 Mar 19;13:1543450. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1543450. eCollection 2025.
To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease (HFMD) reinfection and its influencing factors in Jiulongpo District from 2009 to 2023 to provide targeted prevention and control recommendations for key factors.
HFMD cases in Jiulongpo District of Chongqing were derived from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention from 2009 to 2023. Descriptive analysis was used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of HFMD reinfection, spatial autocorrelation to analyze the regional clustering, and binary logistic regression to analyze the influencing factors.
From 2009 to 2023, 4,764 HFMD reinfection cases involving 2,436 individuals were reported in Jiulongpo District, with a reinfection rate of 5.48%. The interval between the two infections ranged from 26 to 3,863 days, and 71.51% of patients were reinfected within 2 years. There was a bimodal distribution in time (April-July and October-November). In the population, the reinfection rate was 5.87% in males and 4.93% in females, 3.97% in scattered children and 7.89% in kindergarten children, 8.61% in children >3 years old, and 4.68% in children ≤3 years old. There was a spatial positive correlation of HFMD reinfection in Jiulongpo District, with hot spots concentrated in the rural area and cold spots in the urban area. The multifactorial logistic regression analysis showed that reinfection risk was higher in non-epidemic years, male, rural areas, >3 years old, and kindergarten children ( < 0.05).
Post-epidemic prevention and control measures should prioritize interventions to target reinfection, focusing on children in rural areas and kindergartens. Improve rural infrastructure and sanitation, raise disease awareness in kindergartens, train healthcare workers, and promote hygiene to reduce HFMD reinfection.
分析2009年至2023年九龙坡区手足口病（HFMD）再感染的流行病学特征及其影响因素，为关键因素提供针对性的防控建议。
重庆九龙坡区的手足口病病例来源于2009年至2023年中国疾病预防控制信息系统。采用描述性分析来分析手足口病再感染的流行病学特征，空间自相关分析区域聚集性，二元逻辑回归分析影响因素。
2009年至2023年，九龙坡区报告了4764例手足口病再感染病例，涉及2436人，再感染率为5.48%。两次感染的间隔时间为26至3863天，71.51%的患者在2年内再次感染。时间上呈双峰分布（4月至7月和10月至11月）。在人群中，男性再感染率为5.87%，女性为4.93%，散居儿童为3.97%，幼儿园儿童为7.89%，>3岁儿童为8.61%，≤3岁儿童为4.68%。九龙坡区手足口病再感染存在空间正相关，热点集中在农村地区，冷点在城市地区。多因素逻辑回归分析显示，非流行年份、男性、农村地区、>3岁和幼儿园儿童的再感染风险较高（<0.05）。
疫情后的防控措施应优先针对再感染进行干预，重点关注农村地区和幼儿园的儿童。改善农村基础设施和卫生条件，提高幼儿园的疾病意识，培训医护人员，促进卫生习惯，以减少手足口病再感染。
