Department of Biotechnology, M. S. Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, India.
Wound Repair Regen. 2024 Nov-Dec;32(6):916-940. doi: 10.1111/wrr.13216. Epub 2024 Sep 3.
Chronic wounds are characterised by an imbalance between pro and anti-inflammatory signals, which result in permanent inflammation and delayed re-epithelialization, consequently hindering wound healing. They are associated with bacterial infections, tissue hypoxia, local ischemia, reduced vascularization and MMP-9 upregulation. The global prevalence of chronic wounds has been estimated at 40 million in the adult population, with an alarming annual growth rate of 6.6%, making it an increasingly significant clinical problem. Sericin is a natural hydrophilic protein obtained from the silkworm cocoon. Due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-immunogenicity and oxidation resistance, coupled with its excellent affinity for target biomolecules, it holds great potential in wound healing applications. The silk industry discards 50,000 tonnes of sericin annually, making it a readily available material. Sericin increases cell union sites and promotes cell proliferation in fibroblasts and keratinocytes, thanks to its cytoprotective and mitogenic effects. Additionally, it stimulates macrophages to release more therapeutic cytokines, thus improving vascularization. This review focuses on the biological properties of sericin that contribute towards enhanced wound healing process and its mechanism of interaction with important biological targets involved in wound healing. Emphasis is placed on diverse wound dressing products that are sericin based and the utilisation of nanotechnology to design sericin nanoparticles that aid in chronic wound management.
慢性伤口的特征是促炎和抗炎信号之间的失衡，这导致了永久性炎症和延迟再上皮化，从而阻碍了伤口愈合。它们与细菌感染、组织缺氧、局部缺血、血管生成减少和 MMP-9 上调有关。据估计，成年人慢性伤口的全球患病率为 4000 万，年增长率惊人，达到 6.6%，这使其成为一个日益严重的临床问题。丝胶是一种天然的亲水性蛋白质，从蚕茧中提取。由于其生物相容性、可生物降解性、非免疫原性和抗氧化性，以及其与靶生物分子的优异亲和力，它在伤口愈合应用中具有巨大的潜力。丝绸行业每年丢弃 5 万吨丝胶，使其成为一种现成的材料。丝胶通过其细胞保护和有丝分裂原作用，增加成纤维细胞和角质形成细胞的细胞结合部位，并促进细胞增殖。此外，它还刺激巨噬细胞释放更多的治疗性细胞因子，从而改善血管生成。这篇综述重点介绍了丝胶促进伤口愈合过程的生物学特性及其与伤口愈合过程中涉及的重要生物靶点相互作用的机制。强调了基于丝胶的各种伤口敷料产品，以及利用纳米技术设计有助于慢性伤口管理的丝胶纳米粒子。
