Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its risk factors among newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients - A hospital-based cross-sectional study.

CONTEXT

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) raises the chance of cerebrovascular accidents and cardiovascular illness in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) individuals. Early identification of MetS allows for suitable prophylactic and treatment strategies to reduce the risks.

AIM

To estimate the prevalence of MetS and its risk factors in T2DM individuals.

SETTINGS AND DESIGN

This cross-sectional study investigated MetS and its component's prevalence among newly diagnosed T2DM at the tertiary care hospital.

METHODS AND MATERIAL

The study was conducted from January 2022 to December 2022 and included 300 participants above 18 years, with most being men (55%, 165), and using the World Health Organization (WHO) STEPS questionnaire for assessing selected risk factors. Along with blood glucose, different components of MetS were assessed, that is serum triglyceride (TG) level, serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level, blood pressure (BP) and waist circumference (WC), as per the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) criteria.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED

Data analysis includes mean and standard deviation (SD) for numerical variables with an unpaired -test to compare means and percentage and proportions for categorical variables with the Chi-square test for the associations. Multivariate logistic regression was used for assessing the predictors of MetS.

RESULTS

The prevalence of components of MetS, that is obesity, hypertension (HTN), TG and HDL components, was 64.0% (192), 45.7% (137), 46.0% (138) and 30% (90), respectively. Overall, MetS was 57% (170). Moderate activity of 150 min/week, sitting/reclining, WC, diastolic BP, TG and HDL had a significant association with MetS.

CONCLUSIONS

MetS was highly associated with newly diagnosed T2DM with obesity being the most common component.