Transcriptome, hormonal, and secondary metabolite changes in leaves of DEFENSE NO DEATH 1 (DND1) silenced potato plants.

DEFENSE NO DEATH 1 (DND1) is a cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel protein. Earlier, it was shown that the silencing of DND1 in the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) leads to resistance to late blight, powdery mildew, and gray mold diseases. At the same time, however, it can reduce plant growth and cause leaf necrosis. To obtain knowledge of the molecular events behind the pleiotropic effect of DND1 downregulation in the potato, metabolite and transcriptome analyses were performed on three DND1 silenced lines of the cultivar 'Désirée.' A massive increase in the salicylic acid content of leaves was detected. Concentrations of jasmonic acid and chlorogenic acid and their derivatives were also elevated. Expression of 1866 genes was altered in the same way in all three DND1 silenced lines, including those related to the synthesis of secondary metabolites. The activation of several alleles of leaf rust, late blight, and other disease resistance genes, as well as the induction of pathogenesis-related genes, was detected. WRKY and NAC transcription factor families were upregulated, whereas bHLHs were downregulated, indicating their central role in transcriptome changes. These results suggest that the maintenance of the constitutive defense state leads to the reduced growth of DND1 silenced potato plants.