Vaitsiakhovich Nastassia, Landes Scott D, Monnat Shannon M
Lerner Center for Public Health Promotion and Population Health, Center for Policy Research, and Department of Sociology, Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA.
Department of Sociology and Aging Studies Institute, Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs, Syracuse University, 314 Lyman Hall, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA.
Disabil Health J. 2025 Jan;18(1):101705. doi: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2024.101705. Epub 2024 Aug 28.
Perceived social support may enhance subjective wellbeing (SWB) for adults with activities of daily living (ADL) limitations. However, little is known about how social support may mediate (explain) and/or moderate SWB differences among U.S. working-age adults with versus without ADL limitations.
This study examines the role of perceived emotional and instrumental support in hedonic, eudaimonic, and evaluative wellbeing among adults with and without ADL limitations.
Data were from the 2021 National Wellbeing Survey - a national survey of U.S. working-age adults aged 18-64 (N = 3775). We used regression analyses to investigate differences in hedonic, eudaimonic, and evaluative wellbeing between individuals with versus without ADL limitations, as well as the roles of emotional and instrumental social support in explaining observed differences. We used interaction terms to examine whether social support moderated the observed associations.
Adults with ADL limitations reported lower SWB than those without limitations across all three dimensions. Depending on the degree of limitations, the associations between ADL limitations and SWB decreased in magnitude or were no longer statistically significant after accounting for emotional and instrumental support. While both types of support were associated with better SWB among the three ADL groups, those with ADL limitations may benefit less from emotional support on both eudaimonic and evaluative wellbeing than those without limitations.
Lower social support may contribute to worse SWB among adults with ADL limitations. Although this subpopulation may benefit from high social support, improving their SWB may require systemic interventions beyond simply enhancing social support.
感知到的社会支持可能会提升日常生活活动（ADL）受限的成年人的主观幸福感（SWB）。然而，对于社会支持如何介导（解释）和/或调节美国有ADL限制与无ADL限制的工作年龄成年人之间的SWB差异，我们知之甚少。
本研究探讨了感知到的情感支持和工具性支持在有和没有ADL限制的成年人的享乐幸福感、自我实现幸福感和评价性幸福感中的作用。
数据来自2021年全国幸福感调查——一项对18 - 64岁美国工作年龄成年人的全国性调查（N = 3775）。我们使用回归分析来研究有ADL限制与无ADL限制的个体在享乐幸福感、自我实现幸福感和评价性幸福感方面的差异，以及情感和工具性社会支持在解释观察到的差异中的作用。我们使用交互项来检验社会支持是否调节了观察到的关联。
在所有三个维度上，有ADL限制的成年人报告的SWB低于没有限制的成年人。根据限制程度，在考虑情感和工具性支持后，ADL限制与SWB之间的关联程度降低或不再具有统计学意义。虽然在三个ADL组中，两种类型的支持都与更好的SWB相关，但有ADL限制的人在自我实现幸福感和评价性幸福感方面可能比没有限制的人从情感支持中受益更少。
较低的社会支持可能导致有ADL限制的成年人的SWB更差。尽管这一亚群体可能从高社会支持中受益，但改善他们的SWB可能需要系统性干预，而不仅仅是增强社会支持。
