Habib Syed Sikandar, Maqaddas Sawera, Fazio Francesco, El Amouri Rim, Shaikh Ghulam Serwar, Rahim Abdur, Khan Kaleem, Ullah Javed, Mohany Mohamed, Parrino Vincenzo, Al-Emam Ahmed
Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab 40100, Pakistan.
Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab 38000, Pakistan.
J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2024 Dec;86:127523. doi: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2024.127523. Epub 2024 Sep 5.
Heavy metal pollution, particularly lead (Pb), poses a significant threat to aquatic ecosystems and their inhabitants, threatening their delicate balance and long-term viability. This study highlights the urgent need to mitigate heavy metal pollution in aquatic ecosystems.
This study investigates Pb(NO) exposure effects on tissue accumulation, behavioral abnormalities, and hemato-biochemical parameters in common carp (Cyprinus carpio), a widely distributed freshwater fish species.
Fish (115 ± 5.23 g) were exposed to various Pb(NO) concentrations for 10 and 20 days, representing control (0 %), 25 %, 50 %, and 75 % of the LC equivalent to 19.33, 38.66, and 58.0 mg/l, respectively. The standard manual procedure was used for blood sampling. The lead concentration in fish tissue was determined using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer.
Results revealed that fish gills showed significant (P < 0.05) increase in Pb(NO) after 10 days, further rising after 20 days. Liver concentrations also rose significantly (P < 0.05) with prolonged exposure and increasing Pb levels. Muscle had lower concentrations. Hematological parameters (RBC, WBC, HB, HCT) decreased with higher Pb(NO) levels. Behavioral and morphological changes were significantly more pronounced in the exposure groups when compared to the control group. Hepatic enzyme activities (AST, ALT), glucose, and lipid levels increased, while total protein decreased.
The study highlights Pb(NO) harmful effects on common carp, impacting tissue accumulation, hematological parameters, and biochemical disruptions. It emphasizes the need to monitor and mitigate heavy metal pollution in aquatic environments to safeguard freshwater organisms and ecosystems, and to further increase our understanding of Pb toxicity in freshwater ecosystems.
重金属污染，尤其是铅（Pb），对水生生态系统及其生物构成重大威胁，危及它们的微妙平衡和长期生存能力。本研究强调了减轻水生生态系统中重金属污染的迫切需求。
本研究调查硝酸铅（Pb(NO)）暴露对鲤鱼（Cyprinus carpio，一种广泛分布的淡水鱼）组织蓄积、行为异常和血液生化参数的影响。
将体重为（115 ± 5.23 克）的鱼暴露于不同浓度的硝酸铅中10天和20天，浓度分别为对照（0 %）、25 %、50 %和75 %的半数致死浓度（LC），分别相当于19.33、38.66和58.0毫克/升。采用标准手动程序进行血液采样。使用原子吸收分光光度计测定鱼组织中的铅浓度。
结果显示，鱼鳃中的硝酸铅在10天后显著增加（P < 0.05），20天后进一步上升。肝脏中的浓度也随着暴露时间延长和铅水平升高而显著增加（P < 0.05）。肌肉中的浓度较低。随着硝酸铅水平升高，血液学参数（红细胞、白细胞、血红蛋白、血细胞比容）下降。与对照组相比，暴露组的行为和形态变化明显更显著。肝酶活性（谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶）、葡萄糖和脂质水平升高，而总蛋白下降。
该研究突出了硝酸铅对鲤鱼的有害影响，影响组织蓄积、血液学参数和生化紊乱。强调需要监测和减轻水生环境中的重金属污染，以保护淡水生物和生态系统，并进一步增进我们对淡水生态系统中铅毒性的理解。
