Shao Li, Li Tao, Yang Suzhen, Ma Laiji, Cai Banruo, Jia Qingwen, Jiang Hong, Bai Tianming, Li Yan
School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China.
R&D Innovation Center, Shandong Freda Biotech Co., Ltd., Jinan, Shandong, China.
Int J Cosmet Sci. 2025 Feb;47(1):155-167. doi: 10.1111/ics.13020. Epub 2024 Sep 9.
Oligosaccharides have been shown to enhance the production of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) by gut probiotics and regulate gut microbiota, to improve intestinal health. Recent research indicates that oligosaccharides may also positively impact skin microbiota by selectively promoting the growth of skin commensal bacteria and inhibiting pathogenic bacteria. However, the specific metabolic and regulatory mechanisms of skin commensal bacteria in response to oligosaccharides remain unclear. This study aims to explore the influence of four oligosaccharides on the growth and metabolism of Staphylococcus epidermidis and further identify skin prebiotics that can enhance its probiotic effects on the skin.
Fructooligosaccharides (FOS), isomaltooligosaccharide (IMO), galactooligosaccharides (GOS) and inulin were compared in terms of their impact on cell proliferation, SCFAs production of S. epidermidis CCSM0287 and the biofilm inhibition effect of their fermentation supernatants on Staphylococcus aureus CCSM0424. Furthermore, the effect of FOS on S. epidermidis CCSM0287 was analysed by the transcriptome analysis.
All four oligosaccharides effectively promoted the growth of S. epidermidis CCSM0287 cells, increased the production of SCFAs, with FOS demonstrating the most significant effect. Analysis of the SCFAs indicated that S. epidermidis CCSM0287 predominantly employs oligosaccharides to produce acetic acid and isovaleric acid, differing from the SCFAs produced by gut microbiota. Among the four oligosaccharides, the addition of 2% FOS fermentation supernatant significantly inhibited S. aureus CCSM0424 biofilm formation. Furthermore, RNA sequencing revealed 162 differentially expressed genes (84 upregulated and 78 downregulated) of S. epidermidis CCSM0287 upon FOS treatment compared with glucose treatment. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis highlighted differences in the amino acid synthesis pathway, particularly in terms of arginine biosynthesis.
FOS promotes cell proliferation, increases the SCFA production of S. epidermidis CCSM0287 and enhance the inhibition of S. aureus biofilm formation, suggesting that FOS serves as a potential prebiotic for strain S. epidermidis CCSM0287.
已表明低聚糖可增强肠道益生菌产生短链脂肪酸（SCFAs）并调节肠道微生物群，从而改善肠道健康。最近的研究表明，低聚糖还可能通过选择性促进皮肤共生细菌的生长和抑制病原菌，对皮肤微生物群产生积极影响。然而，皮肤共生细菌对低聚糖的具体代谢和调节机制仍不清楚。本研究旨在探讨四种低聚糖对表皮葡萄球菌生长和代谢的影响，并进一步确定可增强其对皮肤益生菌作用的皮肤益生元。
比较了低聚果糖（FOS）、异麦芽低聚糖（IMO）、低聚半乳糖（GOS）和菊粉对表皮葡萄球菌CCSM0287细胞增殖、SCFAs产生的影响，以及它们发酵上清液对金黄色葡萄球菌CCSM0424生物膜的抑制作用。此外，通过转录组分析研究了FOS对表皮葡萄球菌CCSM0287的影响。
所有四种低聚糖均有效促进了表皮葡萄球菌CCSM0287细胞的生长，增加了SCFAs的产生，其中FOS的作用最为显著。对SCFAs的分析表明，表皮葡萄球菌CCSM0287主要利用低聚糖产生乙酸和异戊酸，这与肠道微生物群产生的SCFAs不同。在四种低聚糖中，添加2% FOS发酵上清液可显著抑制金黄色葡萄球菌CCSM0424生物膜的形成。此外，RNA测序显示，与葡萄糖处理相比，FOS处理后表皮葡萄球菌CCSM0287有162个差异表达基因（84个上调和78个下调）。京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG）富集分析突出了氨基酸合成途径的差异，特别是在精氨酸生物合成方面。
FOS促进细胞增殖，增加表皮葡萄球菌CCSM0287的SCFAs产生，并增强对金黄色葡萄球菌生物膜形成的抑制作用，表明FOS可作为表皮葡萄球菌CCSM0287菌株的潜在益生元。
