表达抑制与中国农村留守儿童焦虑的关系：心理弹性和自尊的序列中介作用。
The association between expressive suppression and anxiety in Chinese left-behind children in middle school: serial mediation roles of psychological resilience and self-esteem.
机构信息
Department of Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
出版信息
BMC Psychiatry. 2024 Sep 11;24(1):574. doi: 10.1186/s12888-024-05997-5.
BACKGROUND
Left-behind children (LBC) have become a special population to be concerned due to the negative consequences of parental absence during their physical and psychological development in China. Expressive suppression (ES) is a response-focused emotion regulation and may be frequently used by LBC to suppress their emotions resulting in different forms of internalizing problems. The objective of the present study was to investigate the role of ES as an emotion regulation strategy on anxiety in Chinese left-behind children in middle school (LBC-MS) by considering the mediating role(s) of psychological resilience and self-esteem.
METHODS
820 middle school students aged between 12 and 17 years from a middle school in Xiangtan, Hunan Province, participated in the study. Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED), Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), Resilience Scale for Chinese Adolescents (RSCA), and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (SES) were administered. Variables measured using the above scales in left-behind children in middle school (LBC-MS) and non-left-behind children in middle school (non-LBC-MS) were compared, and descriptive statistics were used to present the overall characteristics. Then the PROCESS macro of SPSS was used to conduct regression-based statistical mediation for the data of 211 left-behind children.
RESULTS
This study revealed that LBC-MS had higher anxiety and ES scores and lower psychological resilience and self-esteem scores than non-LBC-MS (Ps < 0.01). ES was found positively associated with anxiety in LBC-MS and negatively associated with psychological resilience and self-esteem (Ps < 0.05 - 0.01). Specifically, both psychological resilience and self-esteem significantly mediated the association between ES and anxiety, accounting for 7.50% and 10.68%, respectively, of the total associations. Moreover, psychological resilience and self-esteem had a chain mediating effect between ES and anxiety in LBC-MS.
CONCLUSION
The findings indicated that LBC-MS in China may frequently engage in the use of ES which correlated with higher level of anxiety. Psychological interventions should be dedicated to this underserved group. Intervention approaches that improve emotion regulation strategies (i.e., decrease the use of ES) and increase psychological resilience and self-esteem may help to alleviate anxiety in LBC-MS.
背景
在中国，由于父母在孩子身体和心理发育期间的缺席所带来的负面影响，留守儿童已成为一个需要关注的特殊群体。表达抑制（ES）是一种以反应为焦点的情绪调节方式，留守儿童可能会频繁地使用这种方式来抑制自己的情绪，从而导致不同形式的内化问题。本研究的目的是通过考虑心理弹性和自尊的中介作用，探讨 ES 作为一种情绪调节策略对中国农村留守儿童（LBC-MS）焦虑的作用。
方法
本研究共纳入湖南省湘潭市某中学 820 名 12-17 岁的中学生。采用儿童焦虑相关情绪障碍筛查量表（SCARED）、情绪调节问卷（ERQ）、青少年心理韧性量表（RSCA）和罗森伯格自尊量表（SES）对其进行评估。比较了农村留守儿童（LBC-MS）和非农村留守儿童（non-LBC-MS）在上述量表上的测量变量，并采用描述性统计方法呈现总体特征。然后，采用 SPSS 的 PROCESS 宏程序对 211 名农村留守儿童的数据进行基于回归的统计中介分析。
结果
本研究表明，与非留守儿童相比，农村留守儿童的焦虑和 ES 得分更高，心理弹性和自尊得分更低（P 值均<0.01）。ES 与农村留守儿童的焦虑呈正相关，与心理弹性和自尊呈负相关（P 值均<0.05-0.01）。具体来说，心理弹性和自尊分别对 ES 与焦虑之间的关系具有显著的中介作用，分别占总关联的 7.50%和 10.68%。此外，心理弹性和自尊在农村留守儿童的 ES 与焦虑之间存在链式中介作用。
结论
研究结果表明，中国的农村留守儿童可能会频繁地使用 ES，这与更高水平的焦虑有关。针对这一弱势群体，应该开展心理干预。改善情绪调节策略（即减少 ES 的使用）和提高心理弹性和自尊的干预方法可能有助于缓解农村留守儿童的焦虑。
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