Conway M E
ANS Adv Nurs Sci. 1985 Jul;7(4):73-81. doi: 10.1097/00012272-198507000-00010.
The thesis presented is that nursing in its disciplinary context cannot appropriately be considered a concept in the metaparadigm of nursing science. Nursing as a discipline is guided by theories and prescriptions that emanate from puzzles solved in the domain of nursing science. Failure to distinguish between the science of nursing and its disciplinary aspects in building conceptual frameworks will retard the growth of science. The merits of three competing paradigms--normal science, historical facts, and social facts-are discussed. None of these paradigms is adequate for discovery in nursing science. Efforts to develop knowledge around the phenomena of central concern to nursing may advance more rapidly if theory building follows a set of rules, as yet undefined, that incorporates the methods of both normal science and historical tradition.
本文提出的论点是，在其学科背景下，护理不能被恰当地视为护理科学元范式中的一个概念。作为一门学科的护理是由源自护理科学领域中解决的难题的理论和规范所指导的。在构建概念框架时未能区分护理科学及其学科方面将阻碍科学的发展。文中讨论了三种相互竞争的范式——常规科学、历史事实和社会事实——的优点。这些范式中没有一种足以用于护理科学的发现。如果理论构建遵循一套尚未明确的规则，其中纳入常规科学方法和历史传统方法，那么围绕护理核心关注现象开展的知识发展努力可能会进展得更快。
