Johannesen Herborg Líggjasardóttir, Andersen Stig, Andersen Stine Linding, Hansen Solrunn, Petursdóttir Jóhanna, Weihe Pál, Strøm Marin, Petersen Maria Skaalum, Veyhe Anna Sofía
Department of Endocrinology and Medicine, The National Hospital of the Faroe Islands, Torshavn, Faroe Islands.
Centre of Health Science, Faculty of Health Science, the University of the Faroe Islands, Torshavn, Faroe Islands.
Br J Nutr. 2024 Sep 16;132(4):1-8. doi: 10.1017/S0007114524001697.
Ensuring adequate iodine nutrition during pregnancy is crucial for fetal brain development. Thus, the WHO recommend monitoring iodine nutrition in pregnant women. With changing dietary habits and declining iodine intake in coastal populations, iodine nutrition in pregnant Faroese women was a focus in newly established pregnancy cohorts. This study aimed to monitor the iodine status of pregnant women in the Faroe Islands by assessing urinary iodine concentration (UIC) and maternal iodine intake. For 2 years, all pregnant women were invited to participate in a nationwide study. Participants completed questionnaires addressing personal and lifestyle factors, supplement intake and dietary habits, Additionally, they provided spot urine samples for UIC measurements. Iodine was measured spectrophotometrically using the ceri/arsen method after alkaline-ashing. Among the 1030 invited, 654 participated and 647 provided a spot-urine sample. The average age was 30·4 years (18–47 years). The overall median UIC was 110 µg/l, declined from 117 to 101 µg/l over 2 years ( = 0·004). UIC was significantly impacted by diet. Women consuming fish and eggs had a higher median UIC compared with those whose primary iodine source was dairy: fish-dinner, 151 µg/l; dairy products, 112 µg/l ( < 0·001). Furthermore, there was a positive association between maternal age, reported intake of iodine-containing supplements and the UIC. This nationwide study of pregnant Faroese women found UIC below the WHO-recommended cut-off for pregnant women and decreasing with time. This decline highlights the importance of continuous monitoring to prompty identify shifts in iodine status, enabling timely intervention to address emerging deficiencies.
孕期保证充足的碘营养对胎儿大脑发育至关重要。因此，世界卫生组织建议监测孕妇的碘营养状况。随着饮食习惯的改变以及沿海人群碘摄入量的下降，法罗群岛孕妇的碘营养状况成为新建立的妊娠队列研究的重点。本研究旨在通过评估尿碘浓度（UIC）和孕妇碘摄入量来监测法罗群岛孕妇的碘状态。在两年时间里，邀请了所有孕妇参与一项全国性研究。参与者完成了关于个人和生活方式因素、补充剂摄入和饮食习惯的问卷调查。此外，他们还提供了即时尿样用于UIC测量。采用碱灰化后用铈/砷法通过分光光度法测定碘。在受邀的1030名孕妇中，654名参与了研究，647名提供了即时尿样。平均年龄为30.4岁（18 - 47岁）。总体UIC中位数为110μg/l，在两年内从117μg/l降至101μg/l（P = 0.004）。UIC受饮食的显著影响。与主要碘源为乳制品的女性相比，食用鱼类和蛋类的女性UIC中位数更高：晚餐吃鱼的女性，UIC为151μg/l；食用乳制品的女性，UIC为112μg/l（P < 0.001）。此外，孕妇年龄、报告的含碘补充剂摄入量与UIC之间存在正相关。这项对法罗群岛孕妇的全国性研究发现，UIC低于世界卫生组织建议的孕妇临界值，且随时间下降。这种下降凸显了持续监测的重要性，以便及时发现碘状态的变化，能够及时进行干预以解决新出现的碘缺乏问题。
