School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, IDS Building, Mailpoint 887 Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.
Department of Clinical Medicine, Biostatistics, University of Turku, 20520, Turku, Finland.
Eur J Nutr. 2022 Sep;61(6):2919-2927. doi: 10.1007/s00394-022-02852-9. Epub 2022 Mar 19.
Iodine insufficiency during pregnancy may adversely influence fetal growth and development. There is a lack of information on iodine status in pregnant women and infants in many countries including Finland. The aim of this study is to determine dietary intake of iodine and the iodine status in a population of Finnish pregnant women and their infants.
Urine samples were collected from women participating in a mother-child clinical study at early (n = 174) and late pregnancy (n = 186) and at three months of postpartum (n = 197), when infant samples were also collected (n = 123). Urine iodine concentration was measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Cutoffs for iodine insufficiency were < 150 µg/L during pregnancy and < 100 µg/L at postpartum and in infants. Iodine intake was assessed using 3-day food diaries.
Increased risk of insufficiency, based on urinary iodine concentrations, was observed in the groups investigated in this study. Of the women studied, 66% had urinary iodine concentrations indicating insufficient intakes and iodine insufficiency at early pregnancy, 70% at late pregnancy and 59% at three months of postpartum. This was also the case in 29% of the three-month-old infants. Estimation of iodine intake revealed that iodine insufficient women had lower intakes of iodine from the diet, from food supplements and from diet plus supplements than iodine sufficient women in early pregnancy and at three months of post-partum. In late pregnancy, this difference was seen for iodine intake from supplements.
The majority of the women manifested with low urine iodine concentrations both during and after pregnancy. Similarly, one-third of the infants presented with iodine insufficiency. Maternal iodine intake data support these findings. These observations may have implications for optimal child cognitive development.
孕妇碘缺乏可能对胎儿的生长和发育产生不利影响。许多国家包括芬兰在内，都缺乏孕妇和婴儿碘状况的信息。本研究旨在确定芬兰孕妇及其婴儿的碘摄入量和碘状况。
从参加母婴临床研究的女性中收集尿液样本，分别在妊娠早期（n=174）、妊娠晚期（n=186）和产后三个月（n=197）时收集，同时收集婴儿样本（n=123）。使用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测量尿液碘浓度。碘不足的截止值为妊娠期间<150μg/L，产后和婴儿期间<100μg/L。使用 3 天食物日记评估碘摄入量。
根据尿液碘浓度，本研究中调查的组均存在碘不足的风险增加。在所研究的女性中，66%的人尿液碘浓度表明摄入不足，妊娠早期碘不足，妊娠晚期 70%，产后三个月 59%。这也是 3 个月大婴儿中 29%的情况。碘摄入量的估计表明，碘不足的女性从饮食、膳食补充剂和饮食加补充剂中摄入的碘低于碘充足的女性，在妊娠早期和产后三个月。在妊娠晚期，这种差异仅见于补充剂中的碘摄入量。
大多数女性在怀孕期间和之后尿液碘浓度均较低。同样，三分之一的婴儿也存在碘不足。母体碘摄入量数据支持这些发现。这些观察结果可能对儿童最佳认知发育产生影响。
