Fikriah Ika, Masruhin Muhammad A, Paramita Swandari, Marliana Eva, Panggabean Aman S, Ismail Sjarif, Kusuma Irawan W, Kim Yong-Ung, Kim Soo-Ya
Doctoral Study Program of Environmental Sciences, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Indonesia.
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Indonesia.
Narra J. 2024 Aug;4(2):e791. doi: 10.52225/narra.v4i2.791. Epub 2024 Jun 21.
Coal plays a crucial role in Indonesia's foreign exchange and East Kalimantan's revenue sharing, yet its environmental impacts, including soil acidification, raises concerns. Reclamation measures involve revegetation with pioneer plants such as ., known for their medicinal properties. However, the pharmacological properties of these plants are influenced by secondary metabolites, which depend on soil parameters such as pH and nutrient levels. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute toxicity, secondary metabolites, and antioxidant activities of leaf extracts from post-coal mining area (MTPCMA) and non-mining area (MTNMA) alongside soil parameters. Acute toxicity of leaf extracts and soils were assessed using the brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT). Phytochemical screening was done using thin-layer chromatography (TLC), determining total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid content (TFC). The DPPH radical scavenging assay was used to assess the antioxidant activity. A comparative analysis between MTPCMA and MTNMA was conducted using Student t-test. The data showed no significant difference in toxicity between MTPCMA and MTNMA leaf extracts (LC50 of 100-1000 µg/mL) (=0.062), and soils from both areas were non-toxic (LC50 of >1000 µg/mL). Although heavy metal concentrations were higher in PCMA than in NMA soil (<0.001), secondary metabolite compounds and TFC in both extracts were not significantly different (=0.076). Both extracts contained flavonoids and polyphenols with antioxidant activity and terpenoids without antioxidant activities. The DPPH radical scavenging test suggested insignificant antioxidant activity between MTPCMA and MTNMA extracts (=0.237). In conclusion, non-toxic soils in post-mining land and insignificant differences between MTPCMA and MTNMA extracts suggest good soil nutrient availability, highlighting the success of land recovery after 10 years of revegetation with .
煤炭在印度尼西亚的外汇及东加里曼丹的收益分享中发挥着关键作用，但其环境影响，包括土壤酸化，引发了人们的担忧。复垦措施包括用先锋植物进行植被恢复，比如 ，这类植物以其药用特性而闻名。然而，这些植物的药理特性受次生代谢产物影响，而次生代谢产物又取决于土壤参数，如pH值和养分水平。本研究的目的是评估来自煤炭开采后地区（MTPCMA）和非开采地区（MTNMA）的 叶片提取物的急性毒性、次生代谢产物及抗氧化活性，同时评估土壤参数。使用卤虫致死试验（BSLT）评估 叶片提取物和土壤的急性毒性。采用薄层色谱法（TLC）进行植物化学筛选，测定总酚含量（TPC）和黄酮类化合物含量（TFC）。使用DPPH自由基清除试验评估抗氧化活性。采用学生t检验对MTPCMA和MTNMA进行比较分析。数据显示，MTPCMA和MTNMA叶片提取物的毒性无显著差异（LC50为100 - 1000 µg/mL）（P = 0.062），且两个地区的土壤均无毒（LC50 > 1000 µg/mL）。尽管PCMA土壤中的重金属浓度高于NMA土壤（P < 0.001），但两种提取物中的次生代谢产物化合物和TFC无显著差异（P = 0.076）。两种提取物均含有具有抗氧化活性的黄酮类化合物和多酚以及不具有抗氧化活性的萜类化合物。DPPH自由基清除试验表明，MTPCMA和MTNMA提取物之间的抗氧化活性无显著差异（P = 0.237）。总之，开采后土地的无毒土壤以及MTPCMA和MTNMA提取物之间的无显著差异表明土壤养分有效性良好，突出了用 进行10年植被恢复后土地复垦的成功。
