Matakone Moise, Founou Raspail Carrel, Founou Luria Leslie, Dimani Brice Davy, Koudoum Patrice Landry, Fonkoua Marie Christine, Boum-Ii Yap, Gonsu Hortense, Noubom Michel
Department of Microbiology- Haematology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.
Antimicrobial Resistance and Infectious Disease (ARID) Research Unit, Research Institute of the Centre of Expertise and Biological Diagnostic of Cameroon (CEDBCAM-RI), Yaoundé, Cameroon.
One Health. 2024 Aug 30;19:100885. doi: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100885. eCollection 2024 Dec.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the food chain remains a global public health concern for both humans and animals. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, resistance profiles, and clonal relatedness of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extended-spectrum β-lactamases- producing (ESBL-) isolated from slaughtered pigs and slaughterhouse workers in Yaoundé, Cameroon. A cross-sectional study was conducted over four months, from February to May 2023 in two selected pig's slaughterhouse markets in Yaoundé. Rectal swabs were collected from 375 pigs at four time points and pooled per three according to gender, origin, and abattoirs leading to 125 pooled samples. Seven faecal samples from 60 contacted exposed workers were collected. Samples were cultured on CHROMagar™ ESBL medium, dark pink to reddish colonies were considered . Resistance genes including , and were detected using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) while ERIC-PCR was used to assess the genetic relatedness between isolates. The prevalence of ESBL- was elevated among exposed workers (71.4 %; = 5/7) and pigs (70.4 %; = 88/125). Overall, ESBL- exhibited high resistance to cefuroxime (100 %, = 105/105), cefotaxime (100 %, n = 105/105), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (98.1 %, = 103/105), cefixime (92.4 %, = 97/105), tetracycline (86.7 %, = 91/105) and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (81.9 %, = 86/105). However, these isolates showed good susceptibility to gentamicin (3.8 %, = 4/105), chloramphenicol (8.6 %, n = 9/105), and fosfomycin (14.3 %, = 15/105) All human isolates and 75.8 % ( = 75/99) of pig isolates were multi-drug resistant. The was the most prevalent resistance gene among exposed workers (100 %, = 6/6) and pigs (80.8 %, = 80/99) followed by (33.3 % each). High clonal relatedness of ESBL- strains was observed among pig and human isolates across slaughterhouses. This study showed that the gastrointestinal tract of pigs might be an important reservoir of MDR and ESBL- in Yaoundé, Cameroon and these resistant bacteria might be circulating between sources, especially humans. Heightening awareness on appropriate antibiotic use in humans and animals as well as implementing stringent biosecurity and food safety measures are imperative to prevent the emergence and spread of AMR in the country.
食物链中的抗菌药物耐药性（AMR）仍然是全球人类和动物公共卫生关注的问题。本研究旨在确定从喀麦隆雅温得的屠宰猪和屠宰场工人中分离出的多重耐药（MDR）和产超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBL）菌株的流行情况、耐药谱以及克隆相关性。2023年2月至5月，在雅温得两个选定的猪屠宰场市场进行了为期四个月的横断面研究。在四个时间点从375头猪中采集直肠拭子，并根据性别、来源和屠宰场每三头合并为一个样本，共得到125个合并样本。从60名有接触史的暴露工人中采集了7份粪便样本。样本在CHROMagar™ ESBL培养基上培养，将暗粉色至红色菌落视为目标菌落。使用聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测包括blaCTX-M、blaTEM和blaSHV在内的耐药基因，同时使用ERIC-PCR评估分离株之间的遗传相关性。ESBL在暴露工人（71.4%；n = 5/7）和猪（70.4%；n = 88/125）中的流行率较高。总体而言，ESBL对头孢呋辛（100%，n = 105/105）、头孢噻肟（100%，n = 105/105）、阿莫西林-克拉维酸（98.1%，n = 103/105）、头孢克肟（92.4%，n = 97/105）、四环素（86.7%，n = 91/105）和磺胺甲恶唑-甲氧苄啶（81.9%，n = 86/105）表现出高度耐药性。然而，这些分离株对庆大霉素（3.8%，n = 4/105）、氯霉素（8.6%，n = 9/105）和磷霉素（14.3%，n = 15/105）表现出良好的敏感性。所有人类分离株和75.8%（n = 75/99）的猪分离株均为多重耐药。blaCTX-M是暴露工人（100%，n = 6/6）和猪（80.8%，n = 80/99）中最普遍的耐药基因，其次是blaTEM（各33.3%）。在不同屠宰场的猪和人类分离株中观察到ESBL菌株的高度克隆相关性。本研究表明，猪的胃肠道可能是喀麦隆雅温得MDR和ESBL的重要储存库，这些耐药菌可能在不同来源之间传播，尤其是在人类中传播。提高对人类和动物合理使用抗生素的认识以及实施严格的生物安全和食品安全措施对于预防该国AMR的出现和传播至关重要。
