Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226 007, India.
Division of Microbial Technology, CSIR-NBRI, Lucknow 226001, India.
J Mater Chem B. 2024 Oct 17;12(40):10198-10214. doi: 10.1039/d4tb01556h.
Enzymes are indispensable in several applications including biosensing and degradation of pollutants and in the drug industry. However, adverse conditions restrict enzymes' utility in biocatalysis due to their inherent limitations. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), with their robust structure, offer an innovative avenue for enzyme immobilization, enhancing their resilience against harsh solvents and temperatures. This advancement is pivotal for application in bio-sensing, bio-catalysis, and specifically, targeted drug delivery in cancer therapy, where enzyme-MOF composites enable precise therapeutic localization, minimizing the side effects of traditional treatment. The adaptable nature of MOFs enhances drug biocompatibility and availability, significantly improving therapeutic outcomes. Moreover, the integration of enzyme-immobilized MOFs into bio-sensing represents a leap forward in the rapid and accurate identification of biomarkers, facilitating early diagnosis and disease monitoring. In bio-catalysis, this synergy promotes efficient and environmentally safe chemical synthesis, enhancing reaction rates and yields and broadening the scope of enzyme application in pharmaceutical and bio-fuel production. This review article explores the immobilization techniques and their biomedical applications, specifically focusing on drug delivery in cancer therapy and bio-sensing. Additionally, it addresses the challenges faced in this expanding field.
酶在包括生物传感和污染物降解以及药物工业在内的多个应用中不可或缺。然而，由于其固有局限性，不利条件限制了酶在生物催化中的应用。金属-有机框架（MOFs）具有坚固的结构，为酶固定化提供了创新途径，提高了它们对恶劣溶剂和温度的抵抗力。这一进展对于生物传感、生物催化以及特别是癌症治疗中的靶向药物输送至关重要，在癌症治疗中，酶-MOF 复合材料能够实现精确的治疗定位，最大限度地减少传统治疗的副作用。MOFs 的适应性增强了药物的生物相容性和可用性，显著改善了治疗效果。此外，将酶固定化的 MOFs 整合到生物传感中代表着在快速准确识别生物标志物方面的飞跃，有助于早期诊断和疾病监测。在生物催化中，这种协同作用促进了高效和环境安全的化学合成，提高了反应速率和产率，并拓宽了酶在制药和生物燃料生产中的应用范围。本文综述了酶的固定化技术及其在生物医学中的应用，特别是在癌症治疗中的药物输送和生物传感方面。此外，还讨论了这个不断发展的领域所面临的挑战。
