Campbell Ian G, Kurinec Courtney A, Zhang Zoey Y, Cruz-Basilio Alejandro, Figueroa Jessica G, Bottom Vincent B, Whitney Paul, Hinson John M, Van Dongen Hans P A
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.
Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, WA,USA.
Sleep. 2024 Dec 11;47(12). doi: 10.1093/sleep/zsae216.
Insufficient sleep negatively impacts scholastic performance in children and adolescents. Here we use a dose-response time in bed (TIB) restriction study to evaluate associations between sleep loss and multiple aspects of cognition. We evaluated changes in cognitive measures across ages 10 to 23 years and determined whether the effects of sleep loss changed across this age range. A younger cohort (n = 77, age range 9.9 to 16.2 years) was studied annually for 3 years. An older cohort study (n = 82, age range 15 to 22.8 years) was interrupted by the COVID pandemic with 25 participants completing multiple years. Annually participants completed each of three TIB conditions: four consecutive nights with 7, 8.5, or 10 hours in bed. A day of cognitive testing followed the fourth night. Restricting TIB to 7 hours was associated with impaired top-down attentional control and cognitive flexibility, but performance did not differ between 8.5 and 10 hours of TIB conditions. Psychomotor vigilance test performance decreased as TIB was restricted from 10 to 8.5 hours and decreased further with restriction to 7 hours. Sternberg test measures of working memory were not significantly affected by TIB restriction. The effects of sleep loss on these cognitive measures did not change significantly with age, but age-related improvement in many of the measures may compensate for some sleep loss effects. The findings here do not indicate an adolescent decrease in sleep need; however, the minimal duration of sleep needed for optimal performance appears to differ depending on the cognitive measure.
睡眠不足会对儿童和青少年的学业成绩产生负面影响。在此，我们采用一项卧床时间（TIB）剂量反应限制研究来评估睡眠不足与认知多个方面之间的关联。我们评估了10至23岁年龄段认知指标的变化，并确定了睡眠不足的影响在这个年龄范围内是否发生变化。一个较年轻的队列（n = 77，年龄范围9.9至16.2岁）连续3年每年进行研究。一项较年长的队列研究（n = 82，年龄范围15至22.8岁）因新冠疫情而中断，其中25名参与者完成了多年研究。参与者每年完成三种TIB条件中的每一种：连续四个晚上分别卧床7、8.5或10小时。在第四个晚上之后进行一天的认知测试。将TIB限制在7小时与自上而下的注意力控制和认知灵活性受损有关，但在8.5小时和10小时的TIB条件下表现没有差异。随着TIB从10小时限制到8.5小时，心理运动警觉测试表现下降，限制到7小时时进一步下降。斯特恩伯格工作记忆测试指标未受到TIB限制的显著影响。睡眠不足对这些认知指标的影响并没有随着年龄的增长而显著变化，但许多指标中与年龄相关的改善可能会抵消一些睡眠不足的影响。此处的研究结果并未表明青少年的睡眠需求减少；然而，最佳表现所需的最短睡眠时间似乎因认知指标而异。
