DNA methyltransferase genes of Bacillus subtilis phages: structural relatedness and gene expression.

The DNA methyltransferase (Mtase) genes of temperate Bacillus subtilis phages phi 3T, rho 11 and SP beta were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. Each gene specifies a 47-kDa1 protein, which modifies BsuR (GGCC) and Fnu4HI (GCNGC) target sequences. Transcription is controlled by phage promoters located on the cloned fragments. The direction of transcription and the approximate position of the Mtase genes were determined. DNA/DNA hybridization experiments revealed close structural relatedness of the phi 3T, rho 11 and SP beta genes. A significant degree of homology was also found among these genes and the Mtase gene of related phage SPR, which codes for an enzyme with different modification specificity. These results suggest a common ancestor of the different phage Mtase genes. Phage Z, the only BsuR-sensitive member of this phage group, lacks a modification gene, but contains regions homologous to sequences flanking the SPR, phi 3T, rho 11 and SP beta Mtase genes.