Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
Gut Microbes. 2024 Jan-Dec;16(1):2399360. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2399360. Epub 2024 Sep 17.
The gut microbiome is a complex, unique entity implicated in the prevention, pathogenesis, and progression of common gastrointestinal diseases. While largely dominated by bacterial populations, advanced sequencing techniques have identified co-inhabiting fungal communities, collectively referred to as the mycobiome. Early studies identified that gut inflammation is associated with altered microbial composition, known as gut dysbiosis. Altered microbial profiles are implicated in various pathological diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), though their role as a cause or consequence of systemic inflammation remains the subject of ongoing research. Diet plays a crucial role in the prevention and management of various diseases and is considered to be an essential regulator of systemic inflammation. This review compiles current literature on the impact of dietary modulation on the mycobiome, showing that dietary changes can alter the fungal architecture of the gut. Further research is required to understand the impact of diet on gut fungi, including the metabolic pathways and enzymes involved in fungal fermentation. Additionally, investigating whether dietary modulation of the gut mycobiome could be utilized as a therapy in IBD is essential.
肠道微生物群是一种复杂的、独特的实体，与常见胃肠道疾病的预防、发病机制和进展有关。虽然主要由细菌种群主导，但先进的测序技术已经鉴定出共同栖息的真菌群落，统称为真菌组。早期的研究表明，肠道炎症与微生物组成的改变有关，这种改变被称为肠道菌群失调。微生物谱的改变与各种病理疾病有关，如炎症性肠病（IBD），但其作为全身炎症的原因或后果的作用仍然是正在进行的研究的主题。饮食在各种疾病的预防和治疗中起着至关重要的作用，被认为是全身炎症的重要调节剂。本综述汇集了关于饮食调节对真菌组影响的现有文献，表明饮食变化可以改变肠道的真菌结构。需要进一步的研究来了解饮食对肠道真菌的影响，包括涉及真菌发酵的代谢途径和酶。此外，研究饮食调节肠道真菌组是否可以作为 IBD 的一种治疗方法也很重要。
