Álvarez-Herms Jesus, Burtscher Martin, González-Benito Adriana, Corbi Francisco, Odriozola-Martínez Adrian
Hologenomiks Research Group, Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country, Spain.
Phymolab, Physiology and Molecular Laboratory, Segovia, Spain.
J Athl Train. 2025 Mar 1;60(3):252-258. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-0143.24.
In the present case study, the gut microbiota (GM) profile of a male elite mountain runner (34 years, 171 cm, 59 kg, VO2max = 92 mL/min/kg) was analyzed over a 5-month competitive period (6 samples). Gut microbiota diversity increased throughout the season, where higher levels coincided with peak performance, and shorter and longer races (42 km versus 172 km) produced different phenotypic GM changes. Shorter races promoted elevation of protective bacteria related to positive benefits (higher production of short-chain fatty acids, lactate resynthesis, and mucin degraders). By contrast, longer races promoted an elevation of opportunistic pathogenic bacteria while reducing protective commensal bacteria. The present findings indicate that a higher resilience of the GM after competitions may support rapid recovery from maximal exercise. Gut microbiota analyses before and after competition could represent a rapid indicator for the (patho) physiological impact of exercise and provide information on gut health and the recovery time needed.
在本案例研究中，对一名男性精英山地跑者（34岁，身高171厘米，体重59千克，最大摄氧量=92毫升/分钟/千克）在5个月的比赛期内（6个样本）的肠道微生物群（GM）特征进行了分析。整个赛季肠道微生物群多样性增加，较高水平与最佳表现相吻合，且不同长度的比赛（42千米与172千米）产生了不同的GM表型变化。较短距离的比赛促进了与积极益处相关的保护性细菌的增加（短链脂肪酸产量更高、乳酸再合成以及粘蛋白降解菌）。相比之下，较长距离的比赛促进了机会致病菌的增加，同时减少了保护性共生菌。目前的研究结果表明，比赛后GM更高的恢复力可能有助于从最大强度运动中快速恢复。比赛前后的肠道微生物群分析可能是运动（病理）生理影响的快速指标，并提供有关肠道健康和所需恢复时间的信息。
