维生素 B-12 与胃肠道微生物组：系统评价。
Vitamin B-12 and the Gastrointestinal Microbiome: A Systematic Review.
机构信息
Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
出版信息
Adv Nutr. 2022 Mar;13(2):530-558. doi: 10.1093/advances/nmab123. Epub 2023 Feb 10.
Vitamin B-12 deficiency is a major public health problem affecting individuals across the lifespan, with known hematological, neurological, and obstetric consequences. Emerging evidence suggests that vitamin B-12 may have an important role in other aspects of human health, including the composition and function of the gastrointestinal (gut) microbiome. Vitamin B-12 is synthesized and utilized by bacteria in the human gut microbiome and is required for over a dozen enzymes in bacteria, compared to only 2 in humans. However, the impact of vitamin B-12 on the gut microbiome has not been established. This systematic review was conducted to examine the evidence that links vitamin B-12 and the gut microbiome. A structured search strategy was used to identify in vitro, animal, and human studies that assessed vitamin B-12 status, dietary intake, or supplementation, and the gut microbiome using culture-independent techniques. A total of 22 studies (3 in vitro, 8 animal, 11 human observational studies) were included. Nineteen studies reported that vitamin B-12 intake, status, or supplementation was associated with gut microbiome outcomes, including beta-diversity, alpha-diversity, relative abundance of bacteria, functional capacity, or short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) production. Evidence suggests that vitamin B-12 may be associated with changes in bacterial abundance. While results from in vitro studies suggest that vitamin B-12 may increase alpha-diversity and shift gut microbiome composition (beta-diversity), findings from animal studies and observational human studies were heterogeneous. Based on evidence from in vitro and animal studies, microbiome outcomes may differ by cobalamin form and co-intervention. To date, few prospective observational studies and no randomized trials have been conducted to examine the effects of vitamin B-12 on the human gut microbiome. The impact of vitamin B-12 on the gut microbiome needs to be elucidated to inform screening and public health interventions.
维生素 B-12 缺乏是一个影响全生命周期人群的主要公共卫生问题，已知会导致血液、神经和产科方面的后果。新出现的证据表明，维生素 B-12 可能在人类健康的其他方面发挥重要作用，包括胃肠道（肠道）微生物组的组成和功能。维生素 B-12 由人类肠道微生物组中的细菌合成和利用，需要用于细菌中的十几种酶，而人类仅需要 2 种。然而，维生素 B-12 对肠道微生物组的影响尚未确定。本系统评价旨在研究将维生素 B-12 与肠道微生物组联系起来的证据。采用结构化搜索策略，以确定评估维生素 B-12 状态、饮食摄入或补充以及使用非培养技术评估肠道微生物组的体外、动物和人体研究。共纳入 22 项研究（3 项体外研究、8 项动物研究、11 项人体观察性研究）。19 项研究报告称，维生素 B-12 的摄入、状态或补充与肠道微生物组的结果相关，包括β多样性、α多样性、细菌相对丰度、功能能力或短链脂肪酸（SCFA）产生。有证据表明，维生素 B-12 可能与细菌丰度的变化有关。尽管体外研究的结果表明，维生素 B-12 可能会增加α多样性并改变肠道微生物组的组成（β多样性），但动物研究和观察性人体研究的结果存在异质性。基于体外和动物研究的证据，微生物组的结果可能因钴胺素的形式和共同干预措施而异。迄今为止，很少有前瞻性观察性研究和随机试验研究维生素 B-12 对人类肠道微生物组的影响。需要阐明维生素 B-12 对肠道微生物组的影响，以告知筛查和公共卫生干预措施。
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