Bazargan-Hejazi Shahrzad, Martin Christopher, Hall Bellamy, Hamideh Jeneane, Lam Miranda, Osuna-Garcia Antonia, Parker-Kelly Darlene, Pipolo Derek O, Usmani Myra, Teruya Stacey A
Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 E. 120th St., Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA.
David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, 1731 E. 120th St., Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA.
Health Promot Perspect. 2024 Jul 29;14(2):91-96. doi: 10.34172/hpp.42837. eCollection 2024.
Roughly 10% of children aged 3 -17 in the USA are diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and minorities are less likely to initiate common pharmacologic treatment. We conducted a review of the literature to examine meditation as a safe, effective, and low-cost alternative.
We searched PubMed and other journals using "meditation," "mindfulness," "minority," related keywords, and relevant MeSH terms. Eligible studies involved racial/ethnic minorities in the USA, reported quantitative psychosocial outcomes, and were published in a peer-reviewed, English-language journal.
Out of 119 "hits," 111 were eliminated as duplicates or were not relevant. A full-text review of the remaining eight revealed that none fully met our eligibility criteria. Besides the obvious lack of studies, those reviewed reported incomplete demographic and clinical data. They also employed different and inconsistent research methodologies, interventions and modalities, and statistical analyses. This hindered understanding exactly which populations may benefit from meditation, and for which specific symptoms.
We recommend a socio-ecological model in examining intervention modalities, especially in the context of intrapersonal, interpersonal, organizational, environmental, and policy domains. We also suggest the possible inclusion of research older than 10 years, conducted outside of the USA, on minority and non-minority populations, for supplementary and confirmatory data. We advocate for consistency in study design and data collection, which would help align research conducted in different countries. Searches should also include variations of meditation such as "mindfulness" and "guided imagery," and associated symptoms and comorbidities of ADHD, including "learning disorder" and "behavioral problems."
在美国，约10%的3至17岁儿童被诊断患有注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD），少数族裔开始接受常见药物治疗的可能性较小。我们对文献进行了综述，以研究冥想作为一种安全、有效且低成本的替代疗法。
我们使用“冥想”“正念”“少数族裔”等相关关键词以及相关医学主题词（MeSH）在PubMed和其他期刊中进行搜索。符合条件的研究涉及美国的种族/族裔少数群体，报告了定量的社会心理结果，并发表在同行评审的英文期刊上。
在119条“命中结果”中，111条因重复或不相关而被排除。对其余8篇的全文综述显示，没有一篇完全符合我们的纳入标准。除了明显缺乏研究外，所综述的研究报告的人口统计学和临床数据不完整。它们还采用了不同且不一致的研究方法、干预措施和方式以及统计分析。这阻碍了确切了解哪些人群可能从冥想中受益以及针对哪些特定症状。
我们建议采用社会生态模型来研究干预方式，特别是在个人、人际、组织、环境和政策领域的背景下。我们还建议可能纳入超过10年的、在美国境外进行的、针对少数族裔和非少数族裔人群的研究，以获取补充和确认数据。我们主张研究设计和数据收集的一致性，这将有助于使不同国家进行的研究保持一致。搜索还应包括冥想的变体，如“正念”和“引导式意象”，以及ADHD的相关症状和共病，包括“学习障碍”和“行为问题”。
