Eidam Annette, Bauer Jürgen M, Benzinger Petra
Geriatrisches Zentrum am Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, AGAPLESION Bethanien Krankenhaus, Rohrbacher Str. 149, 69126, Heidelberg, Deutschland.
Hochschule für angewandte Wissenschaften, Institut für Gesundheit und Generationen, Bahnhofstraße 61, 87435, Kempten, Deutschland.
Z Gerontol Geriatr. 2024 Oct;57(6):435-441. doi: 10.1007/s00391-024-02353-w. Epub 2024 Sep 18.
The presence of frailty in older patients increases the risk for adverse health events and for a loss of independence. Measures for the prevention of this geriatric syndrome should be incorporated into routine healthcare.
What types of interventions could be effective in the prevention of frailty and how can preventive strategies be successfully implemented?
Narrative review article.
The concept of frailty is multidimensional and potential starting points for a prevention of frailty can be found within different dimensions (e.g., dimensions of physical activity and nutrition, psychosocial dimension). Epidemiological analyses have identified factors that increase or decrease the risk for becoming frail. Evidence from randomized controlled trials that examined the effectiveness of specific interventions in the prevention of frailty is still limited. Based on the available data, interventions using physical exercise appear to be effective in preventing frailty. In primary care in Germany the frailty status of older patients is not yet routinely recorded, which impedes the identification of patients at risk (patients with pre-frailty) and the implementation of targeted preventive strategies. The Integrated Care for Older People (ICOPE) concept of the World Health Organization offers a potential approach to prevent frailty and to promote healthy ageing within the population.
The prevention of frailty is possible and reasonable. Comprehensive and targeted preventive strategies are yet to be implemented.
老年患者虚弱的存在会增加不良健康事件和失去独立生活能力的风险。预防这种老年综合征的措施应纳入常规医疗保健中。
哪些类型的干预措施对预防虚弱有效，以及如何成功实施预防策略？
叙述性综述文章。
虚弱的概念是多维度的，预防虚弱的潜在起点可以在不同维度中找到（例如，身体活动和营养维度、心理社会维度）。流行病学分析已经确定了增加或降低虚弱风险的因素。关于特定干预措施预防虚弱有效性的随机对照试验证据仍然有限。根据现有数据，体育锻炼干预似乎对预防虚弱有效。在德国的初级保健中，老年患者的虚弱状况尚未常规记录，这阻碍了对有风险患者（虚弱前期患者）的识别以及有针对性预防策略的实施。世界卫生组织的老年人综合照护（ICOPE）概念为预防虚弱和促进人群健康老龄化提供了一种潜在方法。
预防虚弱是可行且合理的。全面且有针对性的预防策略尚未得到实施。
