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细菌生命之树的细胞包膜多样性和进化。

Cell envelope diversity and evolution across the bacterial tree of life.

机构信息

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

出版信息

Nat Microbiol. 2024 Oct;9(10):2475-2487. doi: 10.1038/s41564-024-01812-9. Epub 2024 Sep 18.

DOI:10.1038/s41564-024-01812-9
PMID:39294462
Abstract

The bacterial cell envelope is a complex multilayered structure conserved across all bacterial phyla. It is categorized into two main types based on the number of membranes surrounding the cell. Monoderm bacteria are enclosed by a single membrane, whereas diderm cells are distinguished by the presence of a second, outer membrane (OM). An ancient divide in the bacterial domain has resulted in two major clades: the Gracilicutes, consisting strictly of diderm phyla; and the Terrabacteria, encompassing monoderm and diderm species with diverse cell envelope architectures. Recent structural and phylogenetic advancements have improved our understanding of the diversity and evolution of the OM across the bacterial tree of life. Here we discuss cell envelope variability within major bacterial phyla and focus on conserved features found in diderm lineages. Characterizing the mechanisms of OM biogenesis and the evolutionary gains and losses of the OM provides insights into the primordial cell and the last universal common ancestor from which all living organisms subsequently evolved.

摘要

细菌的细胞包膜是一种复杂的多层结构,存在于所有的细菌门中。根据围绕细胞的膜的数量,它可以分为两种主要类型。单膜细菌被一层膜所包围,而双膜细胞则以存在第二层外膜 (OM) 为特征。细菌域的一次古老分裂导致了两个主要的分支:厚壁菌门,严格由双膜门组成;和拟杆菌门,包括具有不同细胞包膜结构的单膜和双膜物种。最近的结构和系统发育进展提高了我们对整个细菌生命之树中 OM 多样性和进化的理解。在这里,我们讨论了主要细菌门内的细胞包膜变异性,并重点介绍了双膜谱系中发现的保守特征。描述 OM 生物发生的机制以及 OM 的获得和丧失,为原始细胞和所有后续进化的生物的最后一个普遍共同祖先提供了深入的了解。

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