Yang Binyu, Zhu Qingyang, Wang Wenhao, Zhu Qiao, Zhang Danlu, Jin Zhihao, Prasad Prachi, Sowlat Mohammad, Pakbin Payam, Ahangar Faraz, Hasheminassab Sina, Liu Yang
Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health Rollins School of Public Health Emory University Atlanta GA USA.
Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Rollins School of Public Health Emory University Atlanta GA USA.
Geohealth. 2024 Sep 18;8(9):e2024GH001091. doi: 10.1029/2024GH001091. eCollection 2024 Sep.
Over the past two decades, the surge in warehouse construction near seaports and in economically lower-cost land areas has intensified product transportation and e-commerce activities, particularly affecting air quality and health in nearby socially disadvantaged communities. This study, spanning from 2000 to 2019 in Southern California, investigated the relationship between ambient concentrations of PM and elemental carbon (EC) and the proliferation of warehouses. Utilizing satellite-driven estimates of annual mean ambient pollution levels at the ZIP code level and linear mixed effect models, positive associations were found between warehouse characteristics such as rentable building area (RBA), number of loading docks (LD), and parking spaces (PS), and increases in PM and EC concentrations. After adjusting for demographic covariates, an Interquartile Range increase of the RBA, LD, and PS were associated with a 0.16 μg/m³ (95% CI = [0.13, 0.19], < 0.001), 0.10 μg/m³ (95% CI = [0.08, 0.12], < 0.001), and 0.21 μg/m³ (95% CI = [0.18, 0.24], < 0.001) increase in PM, respectively. For EC concentrations, an IQR increase of RBA, LD, and PS were each associated with a 0.021 μg/m³ (95% CI = [0.019, 0.024], < 0.001), 0.014 μg/m³ (95% CI = [0.012, 0.015], < 0.001), and 0.021 μg/m³ (95% CI = [0.019, 0.024], < 0.001) increase. The study also highlighted that disadvantaged populations, including racial/ethnic minorities, individuals with lower education levels, and lower-income earners, were disproportionately affected by higher pollution levels.
在过去二十年中，海港附近以及经济成本较低地区的仓库建设激增，强化了产品运输和电子商务活动，尤其影响了附近社会弱势社区的空气质量和健康状况。这项于2000年至2019年在南加州开展的研究，调查了细颗粒物（PM）和元素碳（EC）的环境浓度与仓库扩张之间的关系。利用邮政编码级别上由卫星驱动的年平均环境污染水平估计值以及线性混合效应模型，研究发现可租赁建筑面积（RBA）、装卸口数量（LD）和停车位数量（PS）等仓库特征与PM和EC浓度增加之间存在正相关关系。在对人口统计学协变量进行调整后，RBA、LD和PS的四分位间距增加分别与PM浓度增加0.16μg/m³（95%置信区间=[0.13, 0.19]，P<0.001）、0.10μg/m³（95%置信区间=[0.08, 0.12]，P<0.001）和0.21μg/m³（95%置信区间=[0.18, 0.24]，P<0.001）相关。对于EC浓度，RBA、LD和PS的四分位间距增加分别与浓度增加0.021μg/m³（95%置信区间=[0.019, 0.024]，P<0.001）、0.014μg/m³（95%置信区间=[0.012, 0.015]，P<0.001）和0.021μg/m³（95%置信区间=[0.019, 0.024]，P<0.001）相关。该研究还强调，包括少数种族/族裔、教育水平较低者和低收入者在内的弱势群体受到更高污染水平的影响尤为严重。
