College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety and Nutrition, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China; Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Mbeya University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 131, Mbeya, 53119, Tanzania.
Centre for Complexity Science, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.
Toxicon. 2024 Nov 6;250:108106. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.108106. Epub 2024 Sep 19.
Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by different fungal species under specific environmental conditions. The common and regulated mycotoxins are such as deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEN), ochratoxin (OTA), aflatoxin B (AFB), and fumonisins (FB). These mycotoxins are highly regulated in feed and food because their effects start to exert from their lowest exposures and are abundant in our common environment. However, there are other emerging mycotoxins such as apicidin, beauvericin, aurofusarin, and enniatins which are also harmful. Thus, making a total of around 500 forms of mycotoxins. The existence of mycotoxins in feed and food has a significant impact on animal and human health, which ultimately, slows down economic growth globally. According to this review, different approaches to removing multi-mycotoxin separately or simultaneously have been stated. Mostly, the review focused on the simultaneous removal of different multiple mycotoxins. This is because the current studies show a growing trend in reporting the co-existence of multiple mycotoxins in feed and food materials, however, most detoxifying approaches are for singular mycotoxins. Therefore, the physical, chemical, and biological approaches to remove multi-mycotoxin have been elucidated as well as their advantages and limitations. Furthermore, the authors give suggestions on the way forward to reduce exposure to mycotoxins and diminish their health effects in society. Lastly, the authors emphasized introducing more stringent limits for co-existing mycotoxins, especially those that have the same health effects by acting synergistically, such as AFB and OTA, which both act as carcinogenic agents.
真菌毒素是不同真菌物种在特定环境条件下产生的有毒次生代谢物。常见且受监管的真菌毒素有脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）、玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEN）、赭曲霉毒素（OTA）、黄曲霉毒素 B（AFB）和伏马菌素（FB）等。由于这些真菌毒素从最低暴露量开始就会产生作用，而且在我们常见的环境中含量丰富，因此在饲料和食品中受到高度监管。然而，还有其他新兴的真菌毒素，如枝孢菌素、布氏菌素、黄曲霉毒素和恩镰孢菌素等，也具有危害性。因此，总共约有 500 种真菌毒素。真菌毒素在饲料和食品中的存在对动物和人类健康有重大影响，最终会减缓全球经济增长。根据这篇综述，已经提出了单独或同时去除多种真菌毒素的不同方法。大多数综述重点关注同时去除不同的多种真菌毒素。这是因为目前的研究表明，在报告饲料和食品材料中多种真菌毒素共存的趋势不断增加，但大多数解毒方法仅针对单一真菌毒素。因此，本文还阐述了去除多种真菌毒素的物理、化学和生物学方法，以及它们的优缺点。此外，作者还就如何减少接触真菌毒素和减轻其对社会健康的影响提出了建议。最后，作者强调要引入更严格的共存真菌毒素限量标准，特别是那些具有协同作用的真菌毒素，如 AFB 和 OTA，它们都具有致癌作用。
