Deguchi K, Fukayama S, Nishimura Y, Nishike A, Oda S, Sato S, Matsumoto Y, Ikegami R, Yokota N, Tanaka S
Jpn J Antibiot. 1985 Jun;38(6):1603-18.
This report presents data concerning in vitro activity of antimicrobial agents against Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter spp., Serratia marcescens and Proteus vulgaris isolated from patients with complicated urinary tract infections and against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from surgical wounds with postoperative infection and exudate from superficial abscesses. There was a marked increase of resistant strains of C. freundii, Enterobacter spp. and S. marcescens to penicillins, CEPs or GM. The isolates of these species obtained in 1983 showed MIC values of 100 micrograms/ml or more for the so-called new CEPs (CTX, CMX, CZX, LMOX and CPZ). The P. vulgaris isolates exhibited an increasing incidence of strains resistant to penicillins, and data on P. vulgaris isolates in 1983 indicated increase of strains resistant to CEPs. GM-resistant organisms were also noted to be increasing among the isolate of this species. The analysis did not reveal any appreciable change with calendar years among P. aeruginosa in respect of frequency of strains resistant to SBPC or CEPs (except CPZ). The data obtained in 1983, however, showed an indication of increasing incidence of organisms resistant to CPZ and GM. The increasing tendency of emergence of organisms resistant to new CEPs designed to expand activity against C. freundii, Enterobacter spp., S. marcescens and P. vulgaris, observed among the isolates of these species is considered probably to be the consequence of bacterial selective acquisition of R plasmid that carry drug resistant genes against CEPs. These are exactly reflected in the present data obtained in studies initiated in 1981 when the new CEPs became commonly prescribed in the daily clinics. It is concluded, accordingly, that organisms of these species resistant to CEPs have been increasing throughout the country.
本报告展示了抗菌药物对从复杂性尿路感染患者中分离出的弗氏柠檬酸杆菌、肠杆菌属、粘质沙雷氏菌和普通变形杆菌，以及从术后感染的手术伤口和浅表脓肿渗出物中分离出的铜绿假单胞菌的体外活性数据。弗氏柠檬酸杆菌、肠杆菌属和粘质沙雷氏菌对青霉素、头孢菌素或庆大霉素的耐药菌株显著增加。1983年获得的这些菌种的分离株对所谓的新型头孢菌素（头孢噻肟、头孢美唑、头孢唑肟、拉氧头孢和头孢哌酮）的最低抑菌浓度值为100微克/毫升或更高。普通变形杆菌分离株对青霉素耐药的菌株发生率不断上升，1983年普通变形杆菌分离株的数据表明对头孢菌素耐药的菌株有所增加。该菌种的分离株中对庆大霉素耐药的微生物也在增加。分析未发现铜绿假单胞菌在对氨苄青霉素或头孢菌素（除头孢哌酮外）耐药菌株的频率方面随历年有任何明显变化。然而，1983年获得的数据显示对头孢哌酮和庆大霉素耐药的微生物发生率有增加的迹象。在这些菌种的分离株中观察到，针对弗氏柠檬酸杆菌、肠杆菌属、粘质沙雷氏菌和普通变形杆菌设计旨在扩大活性的新型头孢菌素耐药微生物出现的增加趋势，可能被认为是细菌选择性获得携带针对头孢菌素耐药基因的R质粒的结果。这在1981年开始的研究中获得的当前数据中得到了确切反映，当时新型头孢菌素在日常临床中开始普遍使用。因此得出结论，这些对头孢菌素耐药的菌种在全国范围内一直在增加。
