Akwenuke O M, Okwelum C O, Balogun T A, Nwadiolu R, Okolotu G I, Chukwuma I E, Adepoju T F, Essaghah A E, Ibimilua A F, Taiga A
Department of Civil and Water Resources Engineering, Delta State University of Science and Technology, Ozoro, Delta State, Nigeria.
Department of Public Administrative, Faculty of Management Sciences, Delta State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B. 5, Ozoro Delta State, Nigeria.
MethodsX. 2024 Sep 4;13:102948. doi: 10.1016/j.mex.2024.102948. eCollection 2024 Dec.
This research study synthesized a base catalyst from the waste rind (WCLR) for the synthesis of biodiesel from the waste pig fat oil. The high-acid-value oil (high free fatty acid: FFA) was converted to low-acid-value oil through adsorption in sorghum bagasse ash with high particle sizes. The developed base catalyst was obtained from the WCLR and was characterized via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD-FT), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) adsorption analysis. The properties of biodiesel were compared with the recommended standard. Results reflected that the duroc breed pig fat is rich in oil, and the oil is unsaturated. Sorghum bagasse proved to be a good bio-adsorbent for the unsaturated fat FFA reduction. The catalyst produced from WCLR was found to be rich in potassium-calcium-magnesium (K-Ca-Mg) base salts. The predicted yield of 98.69 % (wt./wt.) at 69.96 min, 79.93 °C, 3.15 % (wt.), and 8.57 (vol.) at desirability of 100 % was validated as 98.52 % (wt./wt.). Catalytic strength can be recycled in five cycles. The cost implications indicated that the cost of producing 25 L of biodiesel is $2.61. This study proved to be the most economical way of producing biodiesel that is environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and easy to produce for future energy needs.•Oil was obtained via rendering from duroc breed waste fat oil.•Sorghum bagasse was used as adsorbent for acid reduction of high FFA pig fat oil.•Base catalyst used was obtained from calcined waste rind.
本研究从废弃果皮（WCLR）合成了一种碱催化剂，用于从废弃猪脂肪油中合成生物柴油。通过在高粒径高粱秸秆灰中吸附，将高酸值油（高游离脂肪酸：FFA）转化为低酸值油。所开发的碱催化剂由WCLR制得，并通过热重分析（TGA）、带能谱X射线光谱的扫描电子显微镜（SEM/EDX）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、X射线衍射（XRD-FT）和布鲁诺尔-埃米特-特勒（BET）吸附分析进行表征。将生物柴油的性能与推荐标准进行了比较。结果表明，杜洛克品种猪脂肪富含油脂，且该油脂不饱和。高粱秸秆被证明是一种用于降低不饱和脂肪FFA的良好生物吸附剂。发现由WCLR制备的催化剂富含钾钙镁（K-Ca-Mg）碱盐。在69.96分钟、79.93℃、3.15%（重量）和8.57（体积）、期望度为100%时预测产率为98.69%（重量/重量），经验证为98.52%（重量/重量）。催化强度可循环使用五个周期。成本分析表明，生产25升生物柴油的成本为2.61美元。本研究被证明是生产生物柴油最经济的方式，对未来能源需求而言，其环保、经济高效且易于生产。
•通过炼制从杜洛克品种废弃脂肪油中获得油脂。
•高粱秸秆用作高FFA猪脂肪油酸还原的吸附剂。
•所用碱催化剂由煅烧后的废弃果皮制得。
