Emerg Infect Dis. 2024 Oct;30(10):2056-2069. doi: 10.3201/eid3010.240084.
In the United States in 2021, an outbreak of 4 cases of Burkholderia pseudomallei, the etiologic agent of melioidosis and a Tier One Select Agent (potential for deliberate misuse and subsequent harm), resulted in 2 deaths. The causative strain, B. pseudomallei ATS2021, was unintentionally imported into the United States in an aromatherapy spray manufactured in India. We established that ATS2021 represents a virulent strain of B. pseudomallei capable of robust formation of biofilm at physiologic temperatures that may contribute to virulence. By using mouse melioidosis models, we determined median lethal dose estimates and analyzed the bacteriologic and histopathologic characteristics of the organism, particularly the potential neurologic pathogenesis that is probably associated with the bimA allele identified in B. pseudomallei strain ATS2021. Our data, combined with previous case reports and the identification of endemic B. pseudomallei strains in Mississippi, support the concept that melioidosis is emerging in the United States.
2021 年，在美国发生了四起伯克霍尔德氏菌病（类鼻疽病）的暴发，该疾病由类鼻疽伯克霍尔德菌引起，属于一级选择剂（有被蓄意滥用和随后造成伤害的潜力），导致 2 人死亡。致病菌株为 B. pseudomallei ATS2021，是一种在印度制造的芳香疗法喷雾器中意外输入美国的。我们确定 ATS2021 代表了一种具有很强的生物膜形成能力的类鼻疽伯克霍尔德菌，能够在生理温度下稳健形成生物膜，这可能有助于其毒力。通过使用小鼠类鼻疽病模型，我们确定了中位致死剂量估计值，并分析了该生物体的细菌学和组织病理学特征，特别是与 B. pseudomallei 菌株 ATS2021 中鉴定出的 bimA 等位基因相关的潜在神经发病机制。我们的数据，结合以前的病例报告和密西西比州地方性类鼻疽伯克霍尔德菌菌株的鉴定，支持了类鼻疽病在美国出现的概念。
