Pinillos-Franco Sara, Cantarero-Prieto David, Lera Javier
Dpto. Análisis Económico, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle Francisco Tomás y Valiente 5, Madrid, 28049, Spain.
Department of Economics, Research Group of Health Economics and Health Services Management, University of Cantabria, IDIVAL, Cantabria, Spain.
Int J Health Econ Manag. 2025 Mar;25(1):107-129. doi: 10.1007/s10754-024-09383-2. Epub 2024 Sep 26.
Most part of the literature has highlighted the detrimental effects of discrimination on health. However, the influence of past and perceived discrimination on older workers' self-assessed health has been understudied. Firstly, we aim at studying whether reported discrimination is associated with self-assessed health among adults of working ages (50-65 years of age). Secondly, we analyze the existence of differences by gender. Data was retrieved from the seventh wave of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) to obtain the regular panel of questions, and the third and seventh waves of the SHARELIFE questionnaire, that includes information about discrimination (n = 30,019). We develop logistic regression models to determine the relationship of discrimination on male and female workers' self-assessed health separately. Our results show that 49.0% of our sample was composed of highly discriminated women, while the remaining percentage covered men and women (42.3% males and 8.7% females) that reported lower levels of discrimination. Our estimations reveal a significant association between discrimination and poor health status, especially in the case of men ranging from OR = 1.802 (95% CI 1.502-2.163) to OR = 1.565 (95% CI 1.282-1.910). In the case of women our results range from OR = 1.728 (95% CI 1.463-2.040) to OR = 1.196 (95% CI 0.992-1.442). These findings are essential to highlight the importance of tackling discrimination as a determinant of health that negatively affects both sexes, men and women.
大部分文献都强调了歧视对健康的有害影响。然而，过去的歧视和感知到的歧视对老年工人自我评估健康的影响尚未得到充分研究。首先，我们旨在研究报告的歧视是否与工作年龄（50至65岁）成年人的自我评估健康相关。其次，我们分析性别差异的存在情况。数据取自欧洲健康、老龄化和退休调查（SHARE）的第七波，以获取常规问题面板，以及SHARELIFE问卷的第三波和第七波，其中包括有关歧视的信息（n = 30,019）。我们建立逻辑回归模型，分别确定歧视与男性和女性工人自我评估健康之间的关系。我们的结果表明，我们样本中的49.0%由受高度歧视的女性组成，其余百分比涵盖报告歧视水平较低的男性和女性（男性42.3%，女性8.7%）。我们的估计显示歧视与健康状况不佳之间存在显著关联，尤其是在男性中，比值比（OR）范围从1.802（95%置信区间1.502 - 2.163）到1.565（95%置信区间1.282 - 1.910）。在女性中，我们的结果范围从OR = 1.728（95%置信区间1.463 - 2.040）到OR = 1.196（95%置信区间0.992 - 1.442）。这些发现对于突出解决歧视作为对男性和女性都有负面影响的健康决定因素的重要性至关重要。
