Visalli Federico, Fava Federico, Capobianco Matteo, Musa Mutali, D'Esposito Fabiana, Russo Andrea, Scollo Davide, Longo Antonio, Gagliano Caterina, Zeppieri Marco
Department of Ophthalmology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
Department of Optometry, University of Benin, Benin City 300238, Edo State, Nigeria.
Bioengineering (Basel). 2024 Aug 23;11(9):859. doi: 10.3390/bioengineering11090859.
Corneal diseases, which can result in substantial visual impairment and loss of vision, are an important worldwide health issue. The aim of this review was to investigate the novel application of bioscaffolds in stem cell and regenerative treatments for the treatment of corneal disorders. The current literature reports that organic and artificial substances create bioscaffolds that imitate the inherent structure of the cornea, facilitating the attachment, growth, and specialization of stem cells. Sophisticated methods such as electrospinning, 3D bioprinting, and surface modification have been reported to enhance the characteristics of the scaffold. These bioscaffolds have been shown to greatly improve the survival of stem cells and facilitate the regrowth of corneal tissue in both laboratory and live animal experiments. In addition, the incorporation of growth factors and bioactive compounds within the scaffolds can promote a favorable milieu for corneal regeneration. To summarize, the advancement of these groundbreaking bioscaffolds presents a hopeful treatment strategy for the regeneration of the cornea, which has the potential to enhance the results for individuals suffering from corneal disorders. This study highlights the possibility of utilizing the fields of biomaterials science and stem cell treatment to tackle medical demands that have not yet been satisfied in the field of ophthalmology.
角膜疾病可导致严重的视力损害和失明，是一个重要的全球性健康问题。本综述的目的是研究生物支架在角膜疾病的干细胞和再生治疗中的新应用。当前文献报道，有机和人工物质可制造出模仿角膜固有结构的生物支架，促进干细胞的附着、生长和分化。据报道，静电纺丝、3D生物打印和表面改性等先进方法可增强支架的特性。在实验室和活体动物实验中，这些生物支架已被证明能大大提高干细胞的存活率，并促进角膜组织的再生。此外，在支架中加入生长因子和生物活性化合物可促进角膜再生的有利环境。总之，这些开创性生物支架的进展为角膜再生提供了一种有希望的治疗策略，有可能改善角膜疾病患者的治疗效果。本研究强调了利用生物材料科学和干细胞治疗领域来满足眼科领域尚未满足的医疗需求的可能性。
