Moudgil Pallavi, Kumar Ramesh, Jhandai Punit, Kamboj Sameer, Bishnoi Khushbu, Grakh Kushal, Gupta Renu, Khurana Rajesh, Jindal Naresh
Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India, 125004.
Department of Veterinary Pathology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India, 125004.
Trop Anim Health Prod. 2024 Sep 27;56(8):295. doi: 10.1007/s11250-024-04102-y.
Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a transboundary, viral disease of cattle with a significant economic impact on the livestock industry. This study describes the epidemiological investigations of outbreaks of LSD that occurred in 2022 in three Indian states viz., Haryana, Himachal Pradesh and Rajasthan and the genetic characterization of Lumpy skin disease viruses (LSDVs). Also, the population structure analysis of LSDVs was carried out. Out of 138 scab samples tested from suspected cattle for LSDV, 106 were found positive. Of these, nine representative scab samples were further genetically characterized. Phylogenetic analysis based on the P32 and EEV gene sequences depicted that the LSDV strains of the present study had nucleotide identity of 100% and 99.10-99.45%, respectively with the LSDV/2019 field strains of India. Multiple sequence alignment of the EEV glycoprotein gene sequences revealed nucleotide polymorphisms at three positions viz., G178A, G253A and A459G in circulating LSDV/2022 field strains. Based on the median joining network analysis of the EEV gene, 12 haplotypes were identified among the LSDV populations. Population structure analysis corresponding to the EEV gene revealed high haplotype (0.8486 ± 0.026) and low nucleotide diversities (0.00636 ± 0.0006) and negative values for neutrality indices, indicating a high number of closely related haplotypes and the studied population may have undergone a recent expansion. The findings will help in understanding the distribution and dynamics of LSDV populations, which will prove pivotal in designing and implementing effective management and control strategies.
结节性皮肤病（LSD）是一种跨界的牛病毒性疾病，对畜牧业具有重大经济影响。本研究描述了2022年在印度三个邦，即哈里亚纳邦、喜马偕尔邦和拉贾斯坦邦发生的LSD疫情的流行病学调查以及结节性皮肤病病毒（LSDV）的基因特征。此外，还对LSDV进行了种群结构分析。在对疑似感染LSDV的牛进行检测的138份痂皮样本中，有106份呈阳性。其中，对9份具有代表性的痂皮样本进行了进一步的基因特征分析。基于P32和EEV基因序列的系统发育分析表明，本研究中的LSDV毒株与印度的LSDV/2019田间毒株的核苷酸同一性分别为100%和99.10 - 99.45%。EEV糖蛋白基因序列的多序列比对显示，在流行的LSDV/2022田间毒株中，有三个位置存在核苷酸多态性，即G178A、G253A和A459G。基于EEV基因的中位连接网络分析，在LSDV种群中鉴定出12种单倍型。与EEV基因对应的种群结构分析显示，单倍型多样性高（0.8486 ± 0.026），核苷酸多样性低（0.00636 ± 0.0006），中性指数为负值，表明存在大量密切相关的单倍型，且所研究的种群可能经历了近期的扩张。这些发现将有助于了解LSDV种群的分布和动态，这对于设计和实施有效的管理及控制策略至关重要。
