Emir Gamze, Dilgin Yusuf, Şahin Samet, Akgul Cahit
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey.
School of Engineering, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YW, UK.
Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2025 Feb;197(2):910-925. doi: 10.1007/s12010-024-05068-1. Epub 2024 Sep 27.
Enzymatic biofuel cells (EBFC) are promising sources of green energy owing to the benefits of using renewable biofuels, eco-friendly biocatalysts, and moderate operating conditions. In this study, a simple and effective EBFC was presented using an enzymatic composite material-based anode and a nonenzymatic bimetallic nanoparticle-based cathode respectively. The anode was constructed from a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with a multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) and ferrocene (Fc) as a conductive layer coupled with the enzyme glucose oxidase (GOx) as a sensitive detection layer for glucose. A chitosan layer was also applied to the electrode as a protective layer to complete the composite anode. Chronoamperometry (CA) results show that the MWCNT-Fc-GOx/GCE electrode has a linear relationship between current and glucose concentration, which varied from 1 to 10 mM. The LOD and LOQ were calculated for anode as 0.26 mM and 0.87 mM glucose, respectively. Also the sensitivity of the proposed sensor was calculated as 25.71 A/mM. Moreover, the studies of some potential interferants show that there is no significant interference for anode in the determination of glucose except ascorbic acid (AA), uric acid (UA), and dopamine (DA). On the other hand, the cathode consisted of a disposable pencil graphite electrode (PGE) modified with platinum-palladium bimetallic nanoparticles (Nps) which exhibit excellent conductivity and electron transfer rate for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The constructed EBFC was optimized and characterized using various electroanalytical techniques. The EBFC consisting of MWCNT-Fc-GOx/GCE anode and Pt-PdNps/PGE cathode exhibits an open circuit potential of 285.0 mV and a maximum power density of 32.25 µW cm under optimized conditions. The results show that the proposed EBFC consisting of an enzymatic composite-based anode and bimetallic nanozyme-based cathode is a unique design and a promising candidate for detecting glucose while harvesting power from glucose-containing natural or artificial fluids.
酶生物燃料电池（EBFC）因其使用可再生生物燃料、环保型生物催化剂以及适度的操作条件等优点，成为了绿色能源的有前景来源。在本研究中，分别使用基于酶复合材料的阳极和基于非酶双金属纳米颗粒的阴极，构建了一种简单有效的EBFC。阳极由修饰有多壁碳纳米管（MWCNT）和二茂铁（Fc）的玻碳电极（GCE）作为导电层，再结合葡萄糖氧化酶（GOx）作为葡萄糖的灵敏检测层构成。还在电极上涂覆了一层壳聚糖作为保护层，以完成复合阳极的构建。计时电流法（CA）结果表明，MWCNT - Fc - GOx/GCE电极的电流与葡萄糖浓度之间存在线性关系，浓度范围为1至10 mM。阳极的检测限（LOD）和定量限（LOQ）分别计算为0.26 mM葡萄糖和0.87 mM葡萄糖。此外，所提出传感器的灵敏度计算为25.71 μA/mM。而且，对一些潜在干扰物的研究表明，除了抗坏血酸（AA）、尿酸（UA）和多巴胺（DA）外，阳极在葡萄糖测定中没有明显干扰。另一方面，阴极由用铂 - 钯双金属纳米颗粒（Nps）修饰的一次性铅笔石墨电极（PGE）组成，该电极在氧还原反应（ORR）中表现出优异的导电性和电子转移速率。使用各种电分析技术对构建的EBFC进行了优化和表征。由MWCNT - Fc - GOx/GCE阳极和Pt - PdNps/PGE阴极组成的EBFC在优化条件下表现出285.0 mV的开路电位和32.25 μW/cm²的最大功率密度。结果表明，所提出的由基于酶复合材料的阳极和基于双金属纳米酶的阴极组成的EBFC是一种独特的设计，是从含葡萄糖的天然或人工流体中获取能量的同时检测葡萄糖的有前景候选者。
