Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology (IMBIE), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
J Nutr. 2024 Nov;154(11):3255-3265. doi: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.09.023. Epub 2024 Sep 25.
High consumption of ultraprocessed foods (UPFs) continues to draw significant public health interest because of the associated negative health outcomes. Metabolomics can contribute to the understanding of the biological mechanisms through which UPFs may influence health.
To investigate urine and plasma metabolomic biomarkers of UPF intake in adolescents and young adults.
We used data from the Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed study to investigate cross-sectional associations of UPF intake with concentrations of urine metabolites in adolescents using 3d weighed dietary records (3d-WDR) and 24-h urine samples (n = 339), and associations of repeatedly assessed UPF intake with concentrations of circulating plasma metabolites in young adults with 3-6 3d-WDRs within 5 y preceding blood measurement (n = 195). Urine and plasma samples were analyzed using mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. Biosample-specific metabolite patterns (MPs) were determined using robust sparse principal components analysis. Multivariable linear regression models were applied to assess the associations of UPF consumption (as a percentage of total food intake in g/d) with concentrations of individual metabolites and MP scores.
The median proportion of UPF intake was 22.0% [interquartile range (IQR): 12.3, 32.9] in adolescents and 23.2% (IQR: 16.0, 31.6) in young adults. We identified 42 and 6 UPF intake-associated metabolites in urine and plasma samples, respectively. One urinary MP, "xenobiotics and amino acids" [β = 0.042, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.014, 0.070] and 1 plasma MP, "lipids, xenobiotics, and amino acids" (β = 0.074, 95% CI: 0.031, 0.117) showed positive association with UPF intake. Both patterns shared 29 metabolites, mostly of xenobiotic metabolism.
We identified urine and plasma metabolites associated with UPF intake in adolescents and young adults, which may represent some of the biological mechanisms through which UPFs may influence metabolism and health.
高消费超加工食品（UPF）继续引起公众对健康的极大关注，因为这与相关的负面健康结果有关。代谢组学可以帮助理解 UPF 可能影响健康的生物学机制。
研究青少年和年轻成年人 UPF 摄入量的尿液和血浆代谢组学生物标志物。
我们使用多特蒙德营养和人体测量纵向设计研究的数据，使用 3 天称重饮食记录（3d-WDR）和 24 小时尿液样本（n = 339）调查青少年 UPF 摄入量与尿液代谢物浓度的横断面关联，并使用 5 年内进行的 3-6 次 3d-WDR 评估 UPF 摄入量与年轻成年人循环血浆代谢物浓度的重复关联（n = 195）。使用基于质谱的代谢组学分析尿液和血浆样本。使用稳健稀疏主成分分析确定生物样本特异性代谢物图谱（MPs）。应用多变量线性回归模型评估 UPF 消耗（以 g/d 计，占总食物摄入量的百分比）与个体代谢物和 MP 评分浓度的关联。
青少年 UPF 摄入量中位数为 22.0%（IQR：12.3，32.9），年轻成年人 UPF 摄入量中位数为 23.2%（IQR：16.0，31.6）。我们在尿液和血浆样本中分别鉴定出 42 种和 6 种 UPF 摄入相关代谢物。一个尿液 MP，“外源性物质和氨基酸”[β = 0.042，95%置信区间（CI）：0.014，0.070]和一个血浆 MP，“脂质、外源性物质和氨基酸”（β = 0.074，95% CI：0.031，0.117）与 UPF 摄入呈正相关。这两种模式共有 29 种代谢物，主要为外源性物质代谢。
我们鉴定出青少年和年轻成年人 UPF 摄入量相关的尿液和血浆代谢物，这可能代表 UPF 影响代谢和健康的一些生物学机制。
