Weber Ramon Elias, Mueller Caitlin, Reinhart Christoph
Building Technology Program, Department of Architecture, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Nat Commun. 2024 Sep 27;15(1):8327. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-52506-z.
Humans spend over 90% of their time in buildings, which account for 40% of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and are a leading driver of climate change. Incentivizing more sustainable construction, building codes are used to enforce indoor comfort standards and minimum energy efficiency requirements. However, they currently only reward measures such as equipment or envelope upgrades and disregard the actual spatial configuration and usage. Using a new hypergraph model that encodes building floorplan organization and facilitates automatic geometry creation, we demonstrate that space efficiency outperforms envelope upgrades in terms of operational carbon emissions in 72%, 61% and 33% of surveyed buildings in Zurich, New York, and Singapore. Using automatically generated floorplans in a case study in Zurich further increased access to daylight by up to 24%, revealing that auto-generated floorplans have the potential to improve the quality of residential spaces in terms of environmental performance and access to daylight.
人类90%以上的时间都在建筑物内度过，而建筑物占人为温室气体排放量的40%，是气候变化的主要驱动因素。为了激励更可持续的建筑，建筑规范被用于强制执行室内舒适度标准和最低能源效率要求。然而，目前它们只奖励诸如设备或围护结构升级等措施，而忽视了实际的空间配置和使用情况。通过使用一种新的超图模型，该模型对建筑平面图组织进行编码并便于自动创建几何图形，我们证明，在苏黎世、纽约和新加坡72%、61%和33%的被调查建筑中，空间效率在运营碳排放方面优于围护结构升级。在苏黎世的一个案例研究中，使用自动生成的平面图使采光量增加了24%，这表明自动生成的平面图在环境性能和采光方面有潜力改善居住空间的质量。
