Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Sep 16;25(18):9975. doi: 10.3390/ijms25189975.
Mitochondria are a unique type of semi-autonomous organelle within the cell that carry out essential functions crucial for the cell's survival and well-being. They are the location where eukaryotic cells carry out energy metabolism. Aside from producing the majority of ATP through oxidative phosphorylation, which provides essential energy for cellular functions, mitochondria also participate in other metabolic processes within the cell, such as the electron transport chain, citric acid cycle, and β-oxidation of fatty acids. Furthermore, mitochondria regulate the production and elimination of ROS, the synthesis of nucleotides and amino acids, the balance of calcium ions, and the process of cell death. Therefore, it is widely accepted that mitochondrial dysfunction is a factor that causes or contributes to the development and advancement of various diseases. These include common systemic diseases, such as aging, diabetes, Parkinson's disease, and cancer, as well as rare metabolic disorders, like Kearns-Sayre syndrome, Leigh disease, and mitochondrial myopathy. This overview outlines the various mechanisms by which mitochondria are involved in numerous illnesses and cellular physiological activities. Additionally, it provides new discoveries regarding the involvement of mitochondria in both disorders and the maintenance of good health.
线粒体是细胞内一种独特的半自主细胞器，执行着对细胞生存和健康至关重要的基本功能。它们是真核细胞进行能量代谢的场所。线粒体除了通过氧化磷酸化产生大部分 ATP 为细胞功能提供必需的能量外，还参与细胞内的其他代谢过程，如电子传递链、柠檬酸循环和脂肪酸的β氧化。此外，线粒体还调节 ROS 的产生和消除、核苷酸和氨基酸的合成、钙离子的平衡以及细胞死亡的过程。因此，广泛认为线粒体功能障碍是导致或促进各种疾病发展和进展的一个因素。这些疾病包括常见的系统性疾病，如衰老、糖尿病、帕金森病和癌症，以及罕见的代谢紊乱，如 Kearns-Sayre 综合征、 Leigh 病和线粒体肌病。这篇综述概述了线粒体参与多种疾病和细胞生理活动的各种机制。此外，它还提供了关于线粒体在疾病和保持健康方面的新发现。
