Phenotypic Analysis and Gene Cloning of Rice Floury Endosperm Mutant (White-Core Rice).

The composition and distribution of storage substances in rice endosperm directly affect grain quality. A floury endosperm mutant, (white-core rice), was identified, exhibiting a loose arrangement of starch granules with a floury opaque appearance in the inner layer of mature grains, resulting in reduced grain weight. The total starch and amylose content remained unchanged, but the levels of the four component proteins in the mutant brown rice significantly decreased. Additionally, the milled rice (inner endosperm) showed a significant decrease in total starch and amylose content, accompanied by a nearly threefold increase in albumin content. The swelling capacity of mutant starch was reduced, and its chain length distribution was altered. The target gene was mapped on chromosome 5 within a 65 kb region. A frameshift mutation occurred due to an insertion of an extra C base in the second exon of the gene, which encodes pyruvate phosphate dikinase. Expression analysis revealed that not only affected genes involved in starch metabolism but also downregulated expression levels of genes associated with storage protein synthesis. Overall, plays a crucial role as a regulator factor influencing protein synthesis and starch metabolism in rice grains.