Cherednichenko Oksana, Magda Igor, Nuraliyev Serikbay, Pilyugina Anastassiya, Azizbekova Dinara
Institute of Genetics and Physiology, CS MSHE RK, 050060, Al-Farabi av., 93, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
Institute of Zoology, CS MSHE RK, 050060, Al-Farabi av., 93, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
Heliyon. 2024 Sep 14;10(18):e37643. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37643. eCollection 2024 Sep 30.
Assessment of cytogenetic homeostasis of indicator animals is of great importance in ecological monitoring. The simplest method of its study is micronucleus analysis. Animals with nuclear erythrocytes are often used as indicator animals. In addition to the micronuclei usually recorded, a wide range of cytological nuclear and cellular abnormalities (cytomic analysis) is encountered when assessing the spontaneous level and under the influence of anthropogenic factors. Spontaneous frequency of cytogenetic disorders in 36 species of fish, amphibians, reptiles and birds was studied. Ecological monitoring of territories of Kazakhstan with different types of pollution (radiation, petrochemical, pesticide, heavy metals, due to rocket and space activities) was carried out with the help of separate species of animals. The results of the study include comparative descriptions, schematics and microphotographs clearly demonstrating a wide range of cytological anomalies of nuclear erythrocytes of animals of different classes. The greatest spectrum of nuclear anomalies in the studied animals was registered at petrochemical and pesticide contamination of territories. Depending on the tasks and climatic-geographical conditions, all investigated species can be used as bioindicators. is an exception for desert regions due to high spontaneous micronuclei level in this species. A review of the names of the main nuclear anomalies is carried out and variants of its ordering are proposed.
评估指示动物的细胞遗传稳态在生态监测中具有重要意义。其研究的最简单方法是微核分析。具有核红细胞的动物常被用作指示动物。除了通常记录的微核外，在评估自发水平和人为因素影响时，还会遇到广泛的细胞核和细胞细胞学异常（细胞组分析）。研究了36种鱼类、两栖类、爬行类和鸟类细胞遗传疾病的自发频率。借助不同种类的动物对哈萨克斯坦不同类型污染（辐射、石化、农药、重金属、火箭和太空活动造成的污染）地区进行了生态监测。研究结果包括比较描述、示意图和显微照片，清楚地展示了不同类动物核红细胞广泛的细胞学异常。在所研究的动物中，核异常的最大谱出现在地区受到石化和农药污染时。根据任务和气候地理条件，所有被调查物种都可作为生物指示物。由于该物种自发微核水平高，在沙漠地区是个例外。对主要核异常的名称进行了综述，并提出了其排序变体。
