Department of Economics and Finance, The Business School, RMIT University Vietnam, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam.
Asian Development Bank Institute (ADBI), Tokyo, 100-6008, Japan.
Sci Rep. 2024 Sep 30;14(1):22640. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-72551-4.
Stroke remains a critical global health issue, significantly impacting India with substantial contributions to mortality and disability. This study comprehensively analyses stroke incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) across India from 1990 to 2021, using the latest Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 data. We evaluate how Universal Health Coverage (UHC), health expenditure, human development index (HDI), and gross national income (GNI) influence stroke outcomes. Our findings reveal significant regional disparities, with higher stroke rates in urban areas and states like Goa and Kerala. Higher health expenditure and HDI are linked to lower stroke rates, while higher GNI per capita correlates with increased stroke incidence, likely due to lifestyle changes. Risk factors include air pollution, tobacco use, dietary risks, and high blood pressure. Air pollution notably impacts stroke mortality in Bihar and Jharkhand, while tobacco use is a major risk factor in Mizoram and Manipur. Dietary risks and hypertension are prevalent in Maharashtra and Jammu & Kashmir. The study highlights the need for targeted public health strategies addressing regional disparities and socioeconomic factors. Policymakers should focus on lifestyle modification programs, public awareness campaigns, and enhanced access to quality stroke care to reduce stroke-related morbidity and mortality effectively.
中风仍然是一个全球性的重大健康问题，对印度造成了重大影响，在死亡率和残疾率方面贡献巨大。本研究使用最新的全球疾病负担（GBD）2021 数据，全面分析了 1990 年至 2021 年印度的中风发病率、死亡率和伤残调整生命年（DALYs）。我们评估了全民健康覆盖（UHC）、卫生支出、人类发展指数（HDI）和国民总收入（GNI）如何影响中风结果。我们的研究结果显示出明显的地区差异，城市地区和果阿邦和喀拉拉邦等邦的中风发病率较高。较高的卫生支出和 HDI 与较低的中风率相关，而较高的人均 GNI 与较高的中风发病率相关，这可能是由于生活方式的改变。风险因素包括空气污染、烟草使用、饮食风险和高血压。空气污染显著影响比哈尔邦和恰尔康得邦的中风死亡率，而烟草使用是米佐拉姆邦和曼尼普尔邦的主要风险因素。饮食风险和高血压在马哈拉施特拉邦和查谟和克什米尔邦很普遍。研究强调了需要针对区域差异和社会经济因素制定有针对性的公共卫生策略。政策制定者应关注生活方式改变计划、公众意识运动和加强获得高质量中风护理的机会，以有效降低中风相关发病率和死亡率。
