Department of Occupational Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Pavol Jozef Safarik University and L. Pasteur University Hospital, Kosice, Slovak Republic.
Department of Internal Medicine 4, Medical Faculty, Pavol Jozef Safarik University and L. Pasteur University Hospital, Kosice, Slovak Republic.
Cent Eur J Public Health. 2024 Sep;32(3):160-165. doi: 10.21101/cejph.a8111.
Occupational allergic respiratory diseases frequently occur in individuals working in the agricultural and food production sectors, textile manufacturing, and industries involving exposure to isocyanates. The study aimed to describe trends surrounding the prevalence of occupational asthma (OA), occupational rhinitis (OR), and occupational hypersensitivity pneumonitis (OHP) in Eastern Slovakia between 1990-2021.
All cases of OA, OR, and OHP registered in a database at the Louis Pasteur University Hospital in Košice, Slovakia, between 1990 and 2021, were divided into categories based on economic sector (agricultural, food production sectors, textile manufacturing, healthcare, industrial manufacturing, and tertiary sector) and causal agent. Changes in disease prevalence, causal agents, and economic sector association over time were analysed.
There were 287 occupational respiratory cases (179 OA, 65 OR, and 43 OHP cases). The annual prevalence of OA declined significantly over the study period (p < 0.05). Overall, there was a significant decrease in cases from the agricultural (p < 0.001) and an increase in the industrial manufacturing (p < 0.01). The number of cases due to farming agents fell markedly over the study period, while metalworking fluids (MWFs) were found to be the most common causes of allergic respiratory diseases since 2018.
This study found a decrease in the number of OA cases, as well as changes in economic sectors and causal agents associated with OA and OHP, specifically, in the agricultural sector, with MWFs from the industrial manufacturing sector now being the most common aetiological agent.
职业性过敏性呼吸道疾病常发生于农业和食品生产、纺织制造以及接触异氰酸酯的行业从业人员。本研究旨在描述 1990-2021 年期间在斯洛伐克东部职业性哮喘（OA）、职业性鼻炎（OR）和职业性过敏性肺炎（OHP）的流行趋势。
将 1990 年至 2021 年间在斯洛伐克科希策的路易斯·巴斯德大学医院数据库中登记的所有 OA、OR 和 OHP 病例，根据经济部门（农业、食品生产、纺织制造、医疗保健、工业制造和第三产业）和病因进行分类。分析了疾病流行率、病因和经济部门关联随时间的变化。
共 287 例职业性呼吸道病例（179 例 OA、65 例 OR 和 43 例 OHP）。研究期间，OA 的年患病率显著下降（p<0.05）。总体而言，农业部门的病例明显减少（p<0.001），而工业制造业的病例则明显增加（p<0.01）。研究期间，由于农业因素导致的病例数量明显下降，而金属加工液（MWFs）自 2018 年以来已成为导致过敏性呼吸道疾病的最常见病因。
本研究发现 OA 病例数量减少，与 OA 和 OHP 相关的经济部门和病因也发生了变化，特别是农业部门，而来自工业制造业部门的 MWFs 现在是最常见的病因。
